Download Male Reproductive System

Chapter 3 Lesson 1
The Male Reproductive System
You’ll learn to…
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Analyze the relationship between good
personal hygiene, health promotion, and
disease prevention.
Describe the functioning of the male
reproductive system.
Relate the importance of early detection &
warning signs that prompt individuals to seek
health care for the male reproductive system.
The Male Reproductive System
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Male & Female reproductive systems
produce the cells needed to make a new
human being.
External Male Reproductive Organs
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Scrotum
Testes
Penis
Male Reproductive Organs
External Male Reproductive
Organs
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Scrotum is a loose sac of skin that
hangs outside the body; it holds the
testes.
Testes (testicles) are the male sex
organs; they have two main functions:
1.
2.
They manufacture testosterone, the male
sex hormone
They produce sperm, the male
reproductive cells.
External Male Reproductive
Organs (Testes) continued…
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To produce sperm, the temperature of
the testes must be a few degrees lower
than the normal body temperature of
98.6 degrees F
The scrotum keeps the testes at the
right temperature by holding the testes
away from or close to the body.
External Male Reproductive
Organs (Sperm) continued…
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Sperm are produced in a section of the testes
called the seminiferous tubules (produce
thousands of sperm every second)
Once sperm are produced, they move into the
epididymis- a highly coiled structure located
on the back side of each testis.
Maturation continues in the epididymis and
takes about 64 days.
External Male Reproductive
Organs (Sperm) continued…
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A mature sperm is one of the smallest
cells in the body.
Each sperm carries 23 chromosomes
When a sperm unites with a female
ovum which also carries 23
chromosomes, the result is one cell with
46 chromosomes & production of a
human offspring
The Penis
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Is a tube-like organ that
functions in both sexual
reproduction & elimination
of body wastes.
When sponge-like tissues of
the penis fill with blood, the
penis becomes enlarged and
hard, or erect.
The penis must be erect for
semen, a mixture of semen
and glandular secretions, to
leave the body.
The Penis continued…
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The release of semen from the penis is
called ejaculation.
As many as 300-500 million sperm are
released.
Fertilization-the joining of a male
sperm cell and a female egg cell can
result if ejaculation occurs during
sexual intercourse.
Click on Image
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs
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The internal male reproductive
structures play important roles in the
male reproductive system. They include:
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Vas deferens
Urethra
Seminal vesicles
Prostate and Cowper’s glands
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs…Vas deferens
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After sperm mature in the epididymis,
they travel into the vas deferens- a long
tube that connects each epididymis with
the urethra, which exits the body at
the tip of the penis.
The vas deferens is the main carrier of
sperm
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs…Urethra
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The urethra is a duct that extends from the
urinary bladder, through the prostate, to the
tip of the penis.
Carries urine from the bladder; it also carries
semen out of the body
When the penis becomes erect, muscles
closes off the bladder and keeps urine from
entering the urethra, so its physically
impossible to carry both at the same time.
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs…Reproductive glands
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The purpose of the glands is to add
secretions that support sperm as they
move through the reproductive system
Semen consists of sperm and secretions
from the testes, the seminal vesicles,
the prostate, and Cowper’s glands.
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs…Seminal vesicles
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Contribute the most secretions-about
60%
Located on either side of the prostate
gland
The secretions help make the sperm
mobile and provide them with
nourishment
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs…Prostate gland
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Lies just below the bladder and
surrounds the urethra
It’s about the size of a walnut
It secretes a milky, alkaline fluid that
mixes with sperm to help neutralize the
acids found in the urethra and in the
female’s vagina during intercourse.
Internal Male Reproductive
Organs…Cowper’s glands
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Two pea-sized glands just below the
prostate that open into the urethra
They secrete a clear mucous into the
urethra to help carry and protect sperm
Concerns About the Male
Reproductive System
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Nocturnal Emissions
Hernia
Sterility
Cancer of the testes or prostate
Nocturnal Emissions
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Also known as “wet dreams”
In puberty, glands begin to produce
semen and relieve buildup of pressure,
males have ejaculations while they
sleep.
May be accompanied by a dream with
sexual content and are perfectly
normal.
Hernia Problems
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Males are also prone to hernias, which
occur when an internal organ pushes
through the wall of a muscle.
A common hernia, inguinal hernia, caused
by heavy lifting. The muscle tears
allowing part of the intestine to push
through the abdominal wall into the
scrotum.
Sterility & STDs
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Sterility is the males inability to produce
offspring
Caused by overheating of the testes,
exposure to certain chemicals, contacting
mumps as an adult, problems with epididymis,
vas deferens, and urethra
Gonorrhea, syphilis, & genital herpes cause
infections that can damage the male
reproductive system and cause sterility.
Testicular Cancer
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Cancer of the testes occurs most often
between the ages of 14 and 40.
The main risk factor is undescended testes.
The first sign is usually a lump or an
enlargement of the testis.
If found early, the cure rate is very high.
Monthly self-examination is important for
early detection.
Problems of the Prostate
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Prostate cancer
Symptoms include frequent or difficult
urination, pain when urinating, blood in
the urine, or lingering pain in the back,
hips or pelvis.
Enlarged prostate is common in older
men, it may block the urethra
Problems of the Prostate
continued…
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Enlarged prostate causes difficulty
urinating and can interfere with sexual
function
Can be treated with antibiotics or
surgery
Males over age 50 should be tested for
prostate cancer during routine medical
exams.
Male Reproductive Health
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As males progress
through puberty and
into adulthood regular
medical exams, proper
care, and personal
hygiene are important.
Regular washing of the
external organs
Monthly selfexaminations of the
testes, check for
swelling, lumps, change
in size, shape or
consistency.
Ch 3 Lesson 1 Review Questions
p. 34
1.
2.
3.
Define the terms scrotum and testes and explain
how these parts of the male reproductive system
function.
List the external & internal male reproductive organs.
Analyze the relationship between good personal
hygiene, health promotion, and disease prevention.
Describe two ways to care for the male reproductive
system.
Ch 3 Lesson 1 Review Questions
p. 34
4. Name one male reproductive disorder & relate
the importance of early detection & warning
signs that prompt individuals to seek
treatment to prevent disease.
5. Describe the route of sperm from the testes to
the penis.
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
The Female Reproductive
System
You’ll Learn To…
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Describe the functioning of the female
reproductive system
Relate the importance of early
detection & warning signs that prompt
individuals to seek health care for the
female reproductive system
Analyze the relationship between good
personal hygiene & disease prevention
External Female Reproductive
Organs
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The organs of the
female reproductive
system are primarily
internal
Vulva, the external
female reproductive
organs, consist of the
mons pubis, labia
majora, labia minora,
vaginal opening, and
clitoris.
The Mons Pubis and Labia
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The mons pubis is a rounded mound of fatty
tissue located directly over the pubic bone
The labia majora are the fatty folds on either
side of the vaginal opening; they provide
moisture and lubrication
Located between the labia majora are two
smaller folds of skin known as the labia
minora
The Mons Pubis and Labia
continued…
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The labia minora contain many nerve
endings and are highly sensitive
They serve as a line of protection
against pathogens entering the body and
also function in sexual arousal
The Vaginal Opening
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The vaginal opening lies between the labia
minora and may be blocked by a thin
membrane called the hymen.
Also, above the vaginal opening is the urethra
through which urine is secreted
Below the mon pubis, where the labia minora
meet is a small knob of tissue called the
clitoris, which plays a major role in female
sexual arousal.
The Internal Female
Reproductive Organs
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Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian Tubes (or
the oviducts)
Ovaries
The Internal Female
Reproductive Organs
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Vagina – is a muscular passageway that lies
between the bladder and the rectum.
It serves as the organ of intercourse, birth
canal and passageway for menstrual flow
4 to 5 inches long and extends from the
uterus to the outside of the body
Made up of three layers: mucous (which is
supplied with blood vessels), muscular layer
and elastic layer
Vagina cont…
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Normally is close together but stretches
apart for sexual intercourse or for the
birthing of a child
Is normally moist and acidic
A continuous secretion of dead cells mixed
with lubricating fluid comes from the cervix
and the vagina
This helps keep the vagina clean and helps
prevent pathogens from growing inside the
vagina
The Internal Female
Reproductive Organs
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Uterus- is the organ that prepares each
month to receive a fertilized ovum; also
known as the womb
Its primary function is to hold & nourish a
developing embryo & fetus
It will expand to hold a growing fetus
Has an inner lining called the endometrium,
which provides attachment of the embryo
Uterus cont…
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Endometrium – is the inner lining of the
uterus
Each month it becomes thicker in order to
prepare a place for a fertilized ovum to
implant and grow
When there is no fertilized ovum, it is shed
as the menstrual flow
Cervix-neck of the uterus, during childbirth
it dilates to allow passage of the baby
Uterus cont…
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There are no nerve endings on the
cervix
It contains glands that secrete mucus
Cells are scraped from the wall of the
cervix for a Pap smear (we will discuss
Pap smear later on in the chapter)
Internal FRS
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Fallopian tubes are
tubes that extend from
the ovaries to the
uterus
Is to transport ova to
the uterus
The fallopian tubes has
a suctions called cilia
that help move the ova
down to the uterus
Cilia are hair like
projections on the inner
surface of some organs
Fallopian tubes cont…
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An ovum moves about 1 inch every 24
hours
It normally is healthy and alive for
approximately 24 to 48 hours
This means that fertilization (which is
the joining of a sperm and an ovum)
usually occurs in the fallopian tube
within two inches of the uterus
Internal FRS
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Ovaries are two almond-shaped female sex
glands that produce ova and secrete
hormones
There located on both sides of the uterus &
release ova on a regular basis
At birth a female has hundreds of thousands
of immature ova in her ovaries
At puberty hormones cause the ova to mature
Ovaries cont…
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The process of releasing one mature ovum
each month into a fallopian tube is called
ovulation.
The ovum can live up to a day in the fallopian
tube
If sperm are present and one successfully
penetrates the ovum, fertilization occurs and
pregnancy begins
The Menstrual Cycle
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Each month, the uterus prepares for possible
pregnancy
Hormones cause the endometrium to build up
a thick layer of blood vessels & other tissue
to ready the body for pregnancy
If pregnancy does not occur the lining sheds.
This process is called menstruation, shedding
of the uterine lining
Menstrual Cycle continued…
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Most females begin menstruating between
the ages of 10 and 15 yrs old & continues until
about age 50 when menopause occurs
After the menstrual period ends, usually
within 4-7 days, the cycle begins
There are approximately 28 days in the
menstrual cycle
www.kidshealth.org
Menstrual Health Care
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Good hygiene is especially important
during menstrual period; daily
bathing/showering
There are products that can be used
for menstrual flow…sanitary napkins or
pads, tampons and or panty liners, but
they must be changed frequently and
not left in overnight
Menstrual Problems
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Some women experience premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) in a week or two before their
period.
Symptoms include anxiety, depression,
irritability, bloating, mood swings and fatigue.
Symptoms can often be relieved by changes in
diet and increasing physical activity and
sometimes medications.
Click on Image
Menstrual Problems continued…
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Some females suffer from dysmenorrhea,
severe cramps
Controlled by over-the-counter pain
medications, light exercise, heating pads,
warm baths.
Amenorrhea- lack of menstruation. Can be a
result of physical defects, disease (diabetes),
tumors, infections, anorexia, and sometimes
from exercising too rigorously.
You should seek professional help
Female Infertility & STDs
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Infertility- inability to bear children
has a variety of causes:
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Blocking of fallopian tubes
Hormonal problems
Endometriosis- the uterine lining grows
outside the uterus
STDs can also lead to infertility
(gonorrhea, chlamydia, HPV)
Problems with Infection
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What is toxic chock syndrome (TSS)?
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Is a rare, serious disease that is caused by certain
toxin-producing strains of staphylococuus aureus
bacterium.
May occur during or just after menstruation
Symptoms include fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea,
and rash.
There is a relationship between TSS and tampon
use.
Problems with Infection
continued…
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Vaginitis- inflammation of vaginal tissue
with discharge, burning, & itching.
Yeast infections- caused by a fungus;
white, odorless discharge, itching,
burning & painful urination
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis- caused by a protozoan
Cancer
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Breast cancer is the most common form of
cancer and is the second leading cause of
death
There is no known way to prevent it, but early
detection through regular medical exams &
monthly self examinations are the best
defense.
Symptoms include a change in breast or nipple
appearance, a lump or swelling in the breast
or armpit
Pelvic Examination
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http://www.speculum.com/pelvic_exam.html
Includes the following:
Visual- begins by checking the external
reproductive organs for any irritation, lumps,
swelling and discoloration
Speculum Pelvic examination. A metal or
plastic speculum is inserted into the vagina to
hold apart the vaginal walls.
Pelvic Examination
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A Pap Smear is a screening test for cervical cancer in
which cells are scraped from the cervix.
A small wooden spatula or a round bristled brush is
used to scrape cells from the cervix.
Bimanual Pelvic Examination is a procedure in which a
nurse or doctor inserts the index finger and middle
fingers into the vagina and puts the other hand on
the stomach and check the reproductive organs.
The Breast Self-Examination…click on
the site below…
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http://www.healthcentral.com/breastcancer/tests-32965-47.html
Ch 3 Lesson 2 Review Questions
p. 43
1.
2.
3.
Define the terms cervix and uterus and explain how
these parts of the female reproductive system
function.
List the external & internal female reproductive
organs.
Analyze the relationship between good personal
hygiene, health promotion, and disease prevention.
Describe three ways to care for the female
reproductive system.
Ch 3 Lesson 1 Review Questions
p. 43
4. Name two disorders of the female reproductive
system & relate methods of early detection &
warning signs that prompt females to seek
health care.
5. How might you respond if a friend told you she
always experiences PMS the week before her
menstrual period?