Download Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules
6 protons
6 electrons
• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules
• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full
– Will bond up to four times
1
1
4
2
2
3
Organic Molecules
• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules
• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full
– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon
molecules
– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked
monomers
– Ex: Protein
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
Polymer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
Is Carbon stable with
4 electrons in its outer
layer?
Is Hydrogen stable
with 1 electron in its
layer?
1 dash = 2 electrons
So what do atoms do
when they are
unstable?
Problem: Drawing dot
diagrams is time
consuming. Try this
instead!
The Same Thing…
1 dash = 2 electrons
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
How many
electrons?
How many
electrons?
How many
electrons?
How many
electrons?
How many
electrons?
Single
bonds
Very
complex
Double
bonds
Triple
bonds
1 Dash = 2 electrons
Ring
structures
Carbohydrates
• Readily available food source
• C1: H2: O1 ratio
– Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6
• Monomer: Monosaccharides
– Simple sugars
– Bond to form larger sugars
• Polymer: Polysaccharide
– Complex sugars
Glucose
(monosaccharide)
Sucrose
(Polysaccharide)
Fructose
(monosaccharide)
Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide
glucose
•
•
•
•
glucose
glucose
glucose
Polysaccharides: Long chain of monosaccharides
Ex: Starch: excess plant sugar converted & stored
Ex: Glycogen: animal starch stored in liver & muscles
Ex: Cellulose: used in plants to make cell walls
Recap
1) How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy
level? 2nd energy level?
2) Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used
as energy for cells?
3) If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen
and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain?
4) What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?
5) What are the polymers of carbohydrates called?
6) Which polymer is stored by animals?
7) Which polymer is stored by plants?