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Aug 1789 – Oct 1791
Comeback!
God
Appointed me
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National Assembly
May 5th : The Estates General Opens at Versailles
The first ever meeting in
which the Third Estate
participated, commenced
with an opening speech by
the King, followed by a
long, tiring analysis of the
financial condition of
France.
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1789
National Assembly
June 20th : The Tennis Court Oath
On June 20th The Third Estate was
locked out of its meeting room as
preparations were being made for a
Royal session of all three Estates
on June 22. Confused and angry,
the delegates met instead at an
indoor tennis court on the palace
grounds, and they signed an oath
not to disband until they had drawn
up a constitution for France. The
Tennis Court Oath signaled the
beginning of the refusal of the
French people to bow to the
absolute rule of the King.
1789
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National Assembly
July 14th : The Fall of The Bastille
The Bastille was an old prison
fortress. It was stormed by an
angry mob that believed that
behind the walls were
numerous arms, and hordes of
prisoners to be set free. This
action is thought to be the first
aggressive and defiant act of
the Revolution. The rumours of
what was inside turned out to
be false. There was no large
number of arms, and there were
only seven prisoners.
1789
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National Assembly
Late July : The Great Fear Spreads in Rural Areas
Grain shortages were becoming
worse. The grain was guarded
nervously by local militias, as
bands of vagrants roamed the
country side. There were
rumors that Aristocrats hired
vagrants to protect the new
harvest from the peasantry. As
civil unrest grew, there were
attacks on Manor Houses by
fearful peasants, who armed
themselves in self defense
against the imaginary
marauders supposedly hired by
the Aristocracy.
1789
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National Assembly
August 4th-11th : Feudalism is Abolished
The National Assembly
abolished Feudalism, and
Nobles joined the National
Assembly.
Thank god
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1789
National Assembly
August 27th : Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
A Declaration was written for
the people, setting forth the
laws and principles of the new
State. It echoed the
sentiments of the
Enlightenment philosophes,
the English Bill of Rights, and
the American Declaration of
Independence. It asserted
political and social equality of
all men, the sovereignty of the
people, and the natural right to
liberty, property, security and
resistance to opposition.
1789
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National Assembly
October 5th & 6th : Parisian Women March to Versailles
On October 5, 1789, angry
women (and some men),
marched from Paris to
Versailles to protest the
bread shortages and the
high price of food. The
people also suspected that
the King was plotting
against the National
Assembly. This was the
last time someone lived at
the palace at Versailles.
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1789
National Assembly
November 3rd : Nationalization of Church Lands
The 10% of the land,
owned by the RC Church,
was given to the State. The
Church was not pleased
because the land that it
had owned since Medieval
times, was being taken
away.
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1789
National Assembly
July 12rd : Civil Constitution of the Clergy is adopted
The Assembly passed this
Constitution to bring the
Clergy under State control.
The Clergy would be
elected by all citizens and
their salaries paid by the
State. The members of the
Clergy had to swear an
oath that the government
was superior to the Pope,
otherwise they had to give
up their positions. This
increased the conflict
between the RC Church
and the State.
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1790
National Assembly
October 12rd : Louis and his Family Attempt to Flee France
Angry Mob
King Louis XVI
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1791
Oct 1791 – Oct 1792
I’m so happy
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1792
France Declares War on Austria
April 20
The Griondins persuaded Louis XVI that France could win a
war against Austria. On April 21st, 1792, the French
government declared war on Austria. As Prussia was allied
with Austria, France found itself fighting a war against both
countries.
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The Tuileries Palace is stormed, and Louis XVI and his
Family take Refuge with the Legislative Assembly
August 10
Parisians were growing restless over the war. On August 10th
they turned against the King. The mob stormed the Tuileries,
were the Royal Family was being held. They killed some of the
Swiss guards, and seized the Royal Family and the King. A
revolutionary municipal government in Paris was set up. They
demanded a new constitution and convention to replace the
Legislative Assembly.
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
1792
September
2nd –7th
September
21st
The September Massacres
Rumors circulated that 3000 prisoners held in Paris were
planning to stage an uprising. News that the city of Verdun was
threatened by the Prussian army was the spark that began what
was called the “September Massacres”. An angry mob stormed
the prison on September 2nd, and over the next five days about
1100 prisoners were killed.
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Monarchy is Abolished and the National Convention
Declares France a Republic
The Legislative Assembly was dissolved and was replaced
by the National Convention. It met for the first time on
Sept.21st, 1792. One of its first acts was to abolish the
Monarchy. France would now be considered a Republic.
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
Sept 1792 – Oct 1795
Who’s next?
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National Convention
1793
January 21st
Louis XVI is Executed!
In France, the Terror
continued. Louis XVI, after
being found guilty of treason,
was executed by guillotine
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National Convention
1793
February 1st
France declares war on
Great Britain!
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National Convention
1793
March
Counterrevolution breaks out
in the Vendee
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National Convention
1793
April 6th
The Committee of Public
Safety is Formed
On April 6th, the Government
moved to centralize control
by appointing a Committee of
Public Safety. This was a
twelve member executive
with sweeping powers. It
controlled both domestic and
foreign policy of France. One
of the Committee’s main
goals was to repress the
counter-revolutionaries.
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National Convention
1793
June 2nd
Beginning of the Terror
October
Robespierre had been elected to
the Committee of Public Safety,
and over the next year, through
his influence, the terror was
unleashed. During this time, any
citizen suspected of treason was
sent to the guillotine. Over the
next year about 40,000 men,
woman, and children perished
during the Terror. These included
he Royal family, Clergy and
political enemies
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National Convention
1793
June 22nd
The Constitution of 1793
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National Convention
1793
August 23rd
Levee en Masse
Levee en Masse was a type
of conscription that sent
unmarried men, between the
ages of 18-25, to war. The
women also were sent to
help in the cause by making
clothing, and working in
hospitals.
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National Convention
1793
September 17th
The Law of Maximum
The Law of Maximum was put into
effect by the Committee of Public
Safety in April 1793. The goal
behind it was to regulate bread
prices in France. Unfortunately,
the new law did not work out as
well as hoped, because the prices
were still too high, and people
were finding alternate ways to get
bread on the black market. As a
result of the lack of effectiveness,
the law was abandoned in
December, 1794.
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National Convention
1793
October 16th
Marie-Antoinette is Executed
She and the King were
charged with treason in 1891
after they tried to escape
from France. Marie was
executed a few months after
King Louis XVI.
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National Convention
1793
November 10th
The Revolutionary Calendar
is Adopted
Units of measurement were
changed to the decimal
(metric) system, and the
calendar was changed to
reflect the first year of the
revolution as year one
instead of the year 1792.
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National Convention
1794
July 27th
The Ninth of Thermidor and
the Fall of Robespierre
Robespierre was deserted by
his supporters. He was
accused of being a tyrant,
and on July 27th, 1794
Robespierre was arrested.
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National Convention
1794
July 28th
Robespierre is Executed
The day after he was
arrested, Robespierre and
some of his followers were
sent to the guillotine.
Robespierre was destroyed
by the very system he
created. The death of
Robespierre led to what
historians called the
Thermidorean Reaction.
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The Constitution of the Year
II is Adopted and the
Directory is Established and
Lasts Until 1799
The Constitution established
a two-house legislature. The
two houses were the Council
of Five Hundred and the
Council of Elders. Legislation
was introduced by the Five
Hundred and then the Elders
would approve or
disapprove. Executive power
was vested in the five
Directors chosen by the
Elders. The regime was
called the Directory.
1795 – 1799
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