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Challenges & Opportunities
Of ICT In Developing
Countries
Desta Mengistu Motebaynor
Agenda
 ICT Introduction
 ICT Development and Deployment
. Challenges
. Opportunities
 Conclusion and Recommendation
 Discussion
UN Statistics - Millennium Indicators
% of population bellow $1 per day consumption
Poverty
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
0%
3.1%
81.9%
Education enrolment ratio primary level
Education
Infant Mortality
Rate
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
100%
92.6%
46.7%
IMR – (0-1) year per 1000 live birth
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
Source: UN Statistics-Millennium Indicators
4
37
117
UN Statistics - Millennium Indicators
% of population with access to clean water
Water
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
100%
97%
24%
Forested land area as % of total land area
Forest
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
70%
0.1%
4.2%
Undernourished as % of total population
Nutrition
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
Source: UN Statistics-Millennium Indicators
0%
4%
44%
UN Statistics - Millennium Indicators
lines and cellular subscription per 100 population
Telecom
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
135.14%
14.69%
0.48%
Internet users per 100 population (2002)
Internet
Finland
50.89%
Egypt
0.93% (2001)
Ethiopia
0.07%
Personal Computers per 100 population
Computers
Finland
42.35%
Egypt
1.55%
Ethiopia
0.15%
Source: UN Statistics-Millennium Indicators
Can we do something?
YES
How?
Maximum utilization
of
ICT
What is ICT
ICT – Is a generic term used to express the
convergence of information technology, (IT)
communications and broadcasting.
IT – Is a term that encompasses all forms of
technology used to create, store, exchange,
and use information in its various forms
(Networks, data, voice, still images,
multimedia presentations, human
resources, messages and other forms,
including those not yet conceived).
The application of ICT
ICT can be used in a wide variety:
 To access information and knowledge.
 To gather and disseminate information.
 To educate and learn.
 To develop Knowledge Management.
 To Organize and control business process.
 For Messaging and collaboration.
 For Research and development.
 For Networking to share ICT resources.
 Can be applied in economic sectors,
science and technology. etc…
The Bottom Line
If properly developed & deployed ICT will:
 overcome poverty;
 accelerate socio-economic development
programmes;
 improve democracy and governance
ICT Challenges for Developing Countries
ICT Development & Deployment
will not come easy ! ! ! !
 ICT development readiness



- Identifying priorities
- Creating enabling environments
- Developing flexible policy framework
 Creating ICT awareness
 Developing ICT Architecture and Standards
 Government demands are becoming bigger
and more complex – needs for high impact &
expectations
ICT Challenges contd.
 Aligning Government regulations with new
technology
 IT skills development
 Securing investment costs
 Developing infrastructure
 Developing applications
 Identifying the right technology
 Content development in various languages
 Retaining skilled professionals (Brain drain)
 Managing ICT resources
ICT Challenges contd.
 Identifying the right technology.
 Developing ICT infrastructure.
 Building high bandwidth communication
network.
 Technology complexity and its rapid pace.
 Developing ICT applications.
 Optimizing the value of ICT investment.
 Managing technology refresh for continuity
and growth.
 Developing & working with the private
sector.
ICT Challenges contd.
 Manage and optimize scarce IT resources
now and in the future.
 Developing IT as an economic sector.
 Improving customs for IT related imports.
 Overcoming inequalities (urban/rural,
gender etc..).
The Standish Group Survey
2000
1998
Failed
Challenged
Succeeded
23%
49%
28%
28%
1995
1994
46%
40%
31%
26%
33%
53%
This chart depicts the outcome of the 30,000 application projects in large,
medium, and small cross-industry U.S. companies tested by The Standish
Group since 1994.
Source: The Standish Group International, Extreme Chaos,
The Standish Group International, Inc., 2000
27%
16%
Succeeded
Challenged
Failed
Root Causes of Failure
 Separation of ICT goals and actual
operational functions.
 Separation of wish list and available
resources.
 Processes that are inflexible to change.
 Lack of IT skilled manpower (Knowledge
transfer and continuity).
 Lack of adequate project management
methodologies, etc…
How To Overcome these Obstacles?
 By understanding Government's
directions, goals, and opportunities.
 By ensuring that ICT goals support
overall Government goals.
 By fostering a proactive organizational
environment (Planning, Organizing…).
 By organizing teams to work efficiently
and effectively.
 By adopting reputable and workable
project development and deployment
methodologies.
ICT Opportunities





Historic moment to catch up the ICT fast
moving wagon.
Major tool for poverty reduction, accelerated
socio-economic development & good govern.
Government focus to realize ICT initiatives.
Support Programmes – WB, UN, NEPAD etc..
Favourable opportunities for inward
investment (70 M. People, 40% educated work
force, etc…).
Now will have perfect means to expedited.
information and knowledge exchange (Internet,
e-mail, multi-media, video conferencing …).
ICT Opportunities Contd.
 Huge potential to improve Government services.
 Create a wealth of opportunities for various
forms of education – tele-education, telemedicine, virtual laboratories, etc.
 Create opportunity for emergence of ICT as a
new economic sector.
 Manageable technology for deployment.
 Tremendous opportunity for indigenous experts
 Affordable prices for IT investment.
 Political stability in the country.
Conclusion and Recommendation
Recognition of ICT as a tool for prosperity.
 Telecom sectors, Power sectors, to play leading
roll in ICT Capacity Building Programmes and
align their strategies accordingly.
 Any Infrastructure building activities to focus on
solutions that is reliable, scalable, affordable
and manageable.
 Liberalization of Telecom Services
 Utilization of indigenous experts to validate
technology

Ultimate Objective
 ICT development towards the
creation of Information Society
 Develop knowledge based economy
 Access to information from any
where by anyone at any time
Generation’s responsibility ! ! !
Thank You !