Download 10.2 Retrieving Information

10.2 Retrieving Information
Baylis
Retrieval
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The solution to retrieval is organization
Recognition
Recall
Eidetic Memory
State-Dependent Learning
• When you recall info easily when you are in
the same physiological or emo state.
• Ex: Study for a test in the same room where
you will take it (cue)
Relearning
• Learn the greek alphabet
today
• 10 years from now, it wont
take you as long to be able
to say it again.
• Why? You benefit from
earlier learning
Forgetting
• A failure of memory
• Involves: decay, interference, or repression
Decay
• Fades away
• Happens esp. in sensory storage & short-term
Forgetting
Interference
• A memory can be blocked or erased by
previous or subsequent memories
• Proactive  an earlier memory blocks
Example: you get a new cell #, but you have
trouble remembering it b/c you keep thinking
of the old one
• Retroactive  a later memory (new info)
blocks you from remembering old stuff
Forgetting & Freud
Repression
• Blocking can be no accident
• Block memories that are embarrassing or
frightening, traumatic, etc.
• It still exists but is inaccessible
Amnesia
• Amnesia – loss of memory after a blow to the
head or brain damage
• Drug use
• Severe Psych. Stress
Different Types of Amnesia
1. Infantile – Prior to age 3
2. Anterograde – prevents any new memories
3. Retrograde – prior to the trauma , no mem.
How do I Improve My Memory?
• Techniques are based
on:
- efficient organization
- and chunking info
Elaborative Rehearsal
• Repeating things over and
over helps (Maintenance
Rehearsal) BUT…
• Relating new info to
something you already
know (Elaborative
Rehearsal) is better!
• More meaningful  easier
to remember
Example: Elaborative Rehearsal
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Vocabulary Activity
Word: Confabulation
Definition: the act of filling in memory gaps
My Definition: When I can’t remember something
I will make something up in order for my memory
to flow better
• Rewrite Definition: When one can’t remember a
piece of a memory they will make it up
• Example in book: When a person “remembers”
info that was never stored
Association
• You remember things more vividly if you
associate them w/ things already stored.
• The more associations (sensory), the more it
can trigger the memory.
Tips
• Protect a memory from
interference: OVERLEARN
IT!
• Avoid studying similar
material (i.e. History &
Government)
• Space Out your learning
(distributed practice)
• How you learn
something = will affect
how you store it (stress
not good)
Mnemonic Devices
• A technique for using
associations
Method of Loci & Greeks
• Associations made by
walking by certain
locations
• “Thirty days has
September”
• Mental Pictures
Examples of Mnemonic Devices
• M.A.I.N. – The underlying causes of WWI (Militarism,
Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism)
• “I before E except after C”
• HOMES – Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, &
Superior)
• Au is the chemical symbol for Gold. Here’s a sentence to
help you remember this fact: A! U! (Hey you!) That’s my
gold!
• My Very Educated Mother Just Showed Us Nine Planets
• Oftentimes, people crave seconds when it comes to
dessert. Notice that dessert contains two s’s, whereas
desert contains only one
More Examples…Mnemonic Devices
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Thirty days hath September
April, June and November.
All the rest have thirty-one,
But February, it is great
And brings to us twenty-eight,
Unless it steps out of line
And brings to us twenty-nine (leap year occurs
every four years. The next one occurs in 2016).
Extra Credit
• Create your own Mnemonic Device to help
you study Chapter 10.
• Dedicate a whole Left side page to it and get it
stamped by Friday!