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CHAPTER 46 Circulatory/Respiratory System Practice Test Refer to the illustration above. These cells are a. red blood cells. c. white blood cells. b. platelets. d. a filled with plasma. Refer to the illustration above. These cells a. can live for at least a year. b. are the largest cells in the circulatory system. c. promote clotting. d. contain hemoglobin. a Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the a. liver. c. lungs. b. stomach. d. intestines. c When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax, a. inspiration occurs. b. expiration occurs. c. it is impossible to breathe. d. the chest cavity enlarges. b During swallowing, the air passageway of the pharynx is covered by the a. bronchi. c. epiglottis. b. trachea. d. larynx. c Red a. b. c. blood cells transport respiratory gases. destroy viruses. combat bacterial infection. d. transport cholesterol. a Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic? a. capillary c. vein b. venule d. artery d Blood entering the right atrium a. is full of oxygen. b. is deoxygenated. c. is low in plasma and platelets. d. is returning from the lungs. b carbon dioxide : lungs :: a. b. c. nutrients : lungs nitrogenous waste : kidneys nutrients : kidneys d. nitrogenous waste : lungs b An artery has a much thicker muscle layer than a. a vein. c. a capillary. b. a venule. d. All of the above d Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled “X” is the a. pharynx. c. trachea. b. larynx. d. epiglottis. c The breathing center in the brain is most sensitive to the a. concentration of oxygen. b. concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. c. concentration of carbon dioxide in the lungs. d. amount of oxygen in the cells. b Each alveolus a. attaches directly to the larynx. b. is surrounded by capillaries. c. is a large air sac. d. contains many air sacs. b Which of the following is not involved in the formation of blood clots? a. formation of fibrin–red blood cell complexes that circulate in the blood and are too large to move through ruptured blood-vessel walls b. release of clotting factors from platelets c. production of fibrin, a protein d. platelet congregation at the site of rupture of a blood vessel a A person with antigen A on their red blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s) a. B and AB. c. only O. b. only AB. d. A and AB. d nutrients, salts, and proteins : plasma solutes :: a. lymphocytes and macrophages : erythrocytes b. erythrocytes and leukocytes : blood cells c. arteries and veins : lymphatic vessels d. platelets and megakaryocytes : leukocytes b Mature red blood cells a. promote clotting. b. c. d. do not have a nucleus. are the largest cells in the blood. can live for about a year. b Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in all of the following ways except a. combined with hemoglobin. b. as bicarbonate ions. c. d. dissolved in plasma. by white blood cells. d An artery a. usually carries oxygen-rich blood. b. has valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. c. has thin, slightly elastic walls. d. All of the above a Normal blood pressure in millimeters of mercury is a. 145/95 for males and 135/85 for females. b. 100/50 for males and 120/70 for females. c. 120/80 for males and 110/70 for females. d. 130/100 for both males and females. c cholesterol buildup : atherosclerosis :: a. low intake of saturated fats : heart attacks b. iron buildup : atherosclerosis c. atherosclerosis : heart attacks d. arteriosclerosis : the heart to work more easily c The force exerted against the arterial walls when the heart contracts is called a. arterial relaxation. b. diastolic pressure. c. hypertension. d. systolic pressure. d Refer to the illustration above. The vessels labeled “2” carry deoxygenated blood. The vessels are a. parts of the atria. b. parts of the aorta. c. the pulmonary veins. d. the pulmonary arteries. d Refer to the illustration above. The aorta is structure a. 6. c. 5. b. 2. d. 3. d Refer to the illustration above. Blood in chamber 1 a. has a low concentration of oxygen. b. c. is full of oxygen. is going toward the lungs. d. has very little plasma. b The dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the a. soleus. c. biceps. b. popliteus. d. diaphragm. d The smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body are the a. veins. c. capillaries. b. venules. d. arteries. c If a blood vessel has valves, it is probably a. part of the lymphatic system. b. a vein. c. a venule. d. an artery. b Which of the following occurs as air rushes into the lungs from the environment to equalize air pressure? a. contraction c. expiration b. inspiration d. None of the above b The pressure exerted on the inner walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats is the ____ pressure. a. barometric. c. residual. b. diastolic. d. systolic. b Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called a. venules. c. arterioles. b. capillaries. d. bronchioles. d Defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by foreign substances is a function of a. white blood cells. c. plasma. b. red blood cells. d. platelets. a Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called a. arteries. c. veins. b. capillaries. d. venules. a The ventricles are a. the upper chambers of the heart. b. the chambers of the heart that receive blood from the lungs and the rest of the body. c. the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. d. lower chambers of the heart that contract separately. c The site a. b. actual exchange of gases occurs at the of the trachea. c. nasal passageway. alveoli. d. larynx. b The iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called a. carbonic acid. c. hemoglobin. b. ferric oxide. d. plasma. c An abnormality involving the platelets would probably affect the process of a. fighting bacterial infections. b. blood clotting. c. locomotion. d. breathing. b bronchiole : alveoli :: a. bronchi : larynx b. alveoli : bronchi d c. larynx : pharynx d. bronchi : bronchioles The heart chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae is the a. right ventricle. c. right atrium. b. left ventricle. d. left atrium. c The End