Download Unit 3 Part3 - Madison and War of 1812 - IB-History-of

Who could vote?
 White
 At least 21
 Male
 Property Owners

Who could NOT vote?
Women
American Indians
Blacks (free or slave)
 Thomas Jefferson is reelected!
 Know these dates
• Washington (1789-1796)
• Adams (1796 -1800)
• Jefferson (1800-1808)
 MAIN
PROBLEM: 1804 – Britain and
France are fighting over America’s
attention
1.
Impressments - the practice of seizing
Americans at sea and “impressing” or drafting
them into the British Navy (First introduced with
the XYZ Affair)
2.
Chesapeake Incident 1807 – British
commander “demanded” to board an American
ship (the Chesapeake), the Americans refused
and 3 Americans were shot!
3.
Jefferson responds by convincing congress to
pass an EMBARGO (EMBARGO ACT of 1807)
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Embargo : a ban on exporting goods to other
countries from America
Purpose: America’s attempt to force European
nations to respect “NEUTRALITY” / and an
attempt to AVOID WAR
Result : BACKFIRED (hurt our economy more
than others)
Legacy – Always seen as a failure due to “lack
of flow of foreign goods into America”
Upset group: Merchants and Shippers in
Northeast
Congress eventually lifted the embargo in 1809
James
Madison
- Famous Democratic /
Jeffersonian Republican
- Secretary of State
under Jefferson
- Convinced by the War
Hawks
- Thought Britain was
crippling the American
economy
 March
1, 1809
 U.S. could
trade with anyone EXCEPT
England and France
 When one side ended their violation of
neutral rights the U.S. would open trade
with them
 April
1810
 Replaces non-intercourse
 Opens trade with the entire world
 When either Britain or France ends
violations of neutral rights the U.S. will
halt trade with the other unless they end
violations within six months
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1810 - Napoleon - “His majesty loves Americans “ thus
will repeal the continental system
conditional on British repealing the Orders in Council
Napoleon had no intention of stopping exploits against
America shipping
J.Q. Adams warns Madison in a letter from Russia - “A
trap to catch us in a war with England.”
Madison believes Napoleon is well intended and refuses
to recognize he is wrong even after it is apparent
November 2, 1810 he announces that Britain has six
months to repeal the Orders in Council before the U.S.
halts trade with them
Britain fails to act and non-intercourse is imposed on
March 2, 1811
 1809
– General “William Henry
Harrison” convinced native Americans
to give up 3 million acres of their land
through unfair treaties
 Tecumseh created a confederacy
AGAINST white settlers
 Overall: Tecumseh got support from
the BRITISH to defend land against the
white settler!
 William
Harrison defeats Tecumseh’s
Confederacy
 Harrison / America discovers that the
British were “supporting the Native
Americans’ fight AGAINST America”
 Result: America  / birth of the WAR
HAWKS
A
group of young Southern
Congressmen that…….“WANT
WAR WITH BRITAIN!!!!!!!!”
 (Against
neutrality/ Washington,
Adam’s and Jefferson’s views)
2
•
•
Congressmen
John C. Calhoun *S.C.
Henry Clay *Kentucky
-
Objective: LETS FIGHT BRITAIN!!!!! (War is
needed~)
-
War of 1812 – nicknamed “Mr. Madison’s War”
because he was the very first president that
WANTED to go to war with other countries
-
Also known as the Second Revolutionary War
-
June 18, 1812 – beginning of War of 1812
 American
forces were
outnumbered
at sea
 British Navy
was able to
blockade
almost the
entire
coastline
 British
invade Washington DC
Burning of White House / Capitol Building and
much of Washington DC
 New
England states wanted the War of 1812 to
STOP because it disrupted their TRADE /
these states threatened secession
 The Hartford Convention is considered the
“death of Federalist Party”
 Signed
December 24, 1814
 Declared an armistice – end to the
fighting
 General
Andrew Jackson’s greatest
victory
 Too bad a treaty had already been
signed :-/
 AMERICAN
NATIONALISM GOES
UP because we finally
won COMPLETE
freedom from Britain and
confirmed our
independence!
 Nothing
really changed after
signing the Treaty of Ghent –
American (physically)
basically stayed the same
• “post War America”