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European Exploration and Colonization What European country explored and settled the Caribbean, Central America, and South America? •Spain For what two reasons did Englishmen settle in North America? • Religious Freedom • Economic Opportunity What religious group settled New England? •The Puritans What was another name for the Church of England? • The Anglican Church What was the major reason for the settlement of New England? • Religious Freedom Who settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620? • Commonly called the Pilgrims What agreement signed by the male settlers at Plymouth helped establish the notion of self-government in the Americas? • The Mayflower Compact Who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony? •The Puritans What was the basic unit of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • The Church Congregation • Each congregation established a Town Where did the Puritans practice a form of direct democracy? •At Town Meetings What three European groups chiefly settled the Middle Atlantic region? • English • Dutch • Germans What was the major reason for the settlement of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? • Economic Opportunity Who founded the Virginia colony as a business venture? • The Virginia Company of London Who were the English nobility who received large land grants in Virginia from the King of England and helped settle the colony? • Cavaliers Define indentured servant? • A person who agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for payment of his passage to America. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? •Jamestown What became the cash crop of the Virginia colony? •Tobacco What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking body) in the New World? •The House of Burgesses With what colony does one associate the Cavaliers? •Virginia Where did many poor English immigrants settle in the Virginia colony? • In the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish explore and settle? • The Caribbean • Central America • South America What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explore? •Canada Who had better relations with the First Americans, the British or the French? •The French How did English colonization affect the American Indians? • Lost territory • Died from European diseases, especially smallpox What group did Europeans force to come to the Americas? •Africans Name four characteristics of the economy of the New England colonies? • • • • Shipbuilding Fishing Lumbering Subsistence Farming Name three characteristics of the economy of the Middle Colonies? • Shipbuilding • Small farms • Trading What was the economic basis of the Southern colonies? • Cash crops raised on large Plantations What formed the basis of the economy of the Southern colonies in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills? • Subsistence farming • Hunting • Trading What were the three cash crops of the Southern colonies? • Tobacco • Rice • Indigo What were the two cash crops in South Carolina? • Rice • Indigo Which English colonies believed in private property and free enterprise (profit)? •ALL What trade pattern brought Africans to the English colonies? •The Triangular Trade What was the name of the forced voyage of African slaves from their homes to the New World? •The Middle Passage According to the SOL, what were the 3 points in the Triangular Trade? • The New England Colonies • The West Indies • Africa To what major conflict did the Southern colonies’ slavery-based agricultural economy eventually lead? •The Civil War What does religious tolerance mean? •Freedom of Religion What religious group settled Pennsylvania? •Quakers What religious group settled Maryland? •Roman Catholics What two groups of colonists generally believed in religious tolerance? • Quakers • Roman Catholics What are the eastern lowlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain called? •Tidewater What was the background of the small farmers, hunters, and traders in the mountains and valleys of the inland South? • Scotch-Irish • English What religious movement swept the American colonies in the mid-1700s? • The Great Awakening Name two important leaders of the Great Awakening? • George Whitefield • Jonathan Edwards What two denominations grew rapidly as a result of the Great Awakening? • Baptists • Methodists What religious movement of the mid-18th century preached “fire and brimstone” sermons to encourage spiritual rebirth? • The Great Awakening What did the Great Awakening challenge? • The religious order of the colonies • The governmental order of the colonies