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Digestive System Parts and Functions Human Health and Digestion Food is our primary source of fuel and building blocks for body growth, maintenance and energy requirements Food can be contaminated with bacteria and also with chemical pesticides etc. This contamination can lead to health problems if ingested. How much do you know? http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3 a1/digest/digdiag.htm Types of Digestion Physical – – – – Biting and chewing to initially break down food for swallowing Wetting to ease swallowing and movement Peristalsis (rhythmic contractions) of smooth muscle around esophagus, stomach, intestines to move food through the alimentary canal (tube) Churning of smooth muscle in stomach to mix food with digestive acid and enzymes Chemical – – – – Breaking down macronutrients into their smaller sub-units for absorption and transport around the body PROTEINS amino acids LIPIDS fatty acids, glycerol CARBOHYDRATES simple sugars Parts and Functions Mouth – – – – Teeth Tongue Salivary glands Epiglottis Esophagus Parts and Functions con’t Stomach – – Cardiac sphincter Stomach Lining – (Acid secretion) (Enzyme secretion) (Mucus secretion) Pyloric sphincter Parts and Functions con’t Small Intestines – Duodenum – – Ileum Jejunum Pancreas – (Enzyme secretion) (Enzyme secretion) Liver – Gall Bladder (Neutralization of acid and emulsification of fats) Parts and Functions con’t Large Intestines – – – Rectum – Ascending Transverse Descending (Storageand compaction) Anus – (removal) Enzyme Action Enzymes are specialized proteins manufactured in the body to help chemical reactions take place Some enzymes are especially designed to BREAK down macronutrients into their components! – – – PROTEINS LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES amino acids fatty acids, glycerol simple sugars Enzyme names end in “ase” There are many digestive enzymes in the body and each has a SPECIFIC function Enzymes act as “hands” that hold a molecule and allow a specific reaction to take place Having healthy functional proteins means that this system works efficiently! MOUTH Physical Digestion: – – Biting, chewing Wetting of food SALIVA from salivary gland Chemical Digestion: – – – Starts in the mouth Especially for those components that are difficult to digest AMYLASE Enzyme found in saliva from salivary gland Breaks down starch into simple sugars STOMACH Physical Digestion – – Peristalsis (from esophagus) Churning (to mix) Chemical Digestion – – enzymes HCl Acid which helps to break down protein INTESTINES: chemical digestion Enzymes: breaks down proteins and complex sugars into simple sugar components Other Organs: chemical digestion From Pancreas: – – Breaks down proteins into polypeptides and amino acids Sodium bicarbonate: neutralize stomach acid From Liver: – – pancreatic juice bile salts Manufactured in Liver, stored in Gall Bladder mixes fats with water to assist in digestion