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Introduction to Information & Communication Technology (ICT) Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi WHAT IS ICT? • ICT is the technology required for information processing. • In particular, the use of electronic devices like computers, communication devices and software application to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere and anytime. Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi INFORMATION • Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research. • We need information to make decision and to predict the future. • For example, scientist can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas. • The tools to transmit information are the telephone, television and radio. • Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfil our daily tasks. For example, forecasting the stock exchange market. Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi COMMUNICATION • Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interaction. • Previously, people communicate through sign or symbols, performing drama and poetry. With the advent of technology, these `older' forms of communicate are less utilized as compared to the use of the Internet, email or video conferencing. • Communication is important in order to gain knowledge. With knowledge, we are more confident in expressing our thoughts and ideas. Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi TECHNOLOGY • Aiding Communication. telephone and fax machines are the devices used in extending communication. Spreading Information • to broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively. Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (WWW) are powerful tools that can be used. Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi A History of Information Technology and Systems • Four basic periods Characterized by a principal technology used to solve the input, processing, output and communication problems of the time: – Premechanical, – Mechanical, – Electromechanical, and – Electronic Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi TIMELINE OF TECHNOLOGY • 3500 BC, the Sumerians developed cuneiform writing • 1500 BC, the Phoenicians developed the alphabet. • 105 BC, Tsai Lun of China invented paper • 1454, the first printing began with the creation of a printing machine. • 1793, the telegraph line was invented. • 1876, the first telephone was introduced. • 1925, television was made known to public. • 1941, the computer was created. • 1958, the photocopier machine was introduced. • 1963, the communication satellite was introduced • 1969, the first internet known as ARPANET was introduced. Introduction to ICT BY; Benson Omondi