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SEEDLESS NONVASCULAR PLANTS Rhizoids: threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to a surface •Grow in damp places •Water absorbed and distributed directly through the cell membrane •Reproduce by spores If a scientist tells you that a tomatoe is a fruit, but the Supreme Court tells you that a tomatoe is a vegetable . . . Who do you believe? SEEDLESS NONVASCULAR PLANTS a) Mosses * rhizoids are multi-cellular a) Liverworts * rhizoids usually only one cell * herb for the liver c) Hornwarts * most have only one chloroplast in each cell * spore producing structures look like tiny cattle horns SEEDLESS NONVASCULAR PLANTS 1. Mosses are usually the first plants to grow in a new or disturbed environment 2. Pioneer species: The organisms that are the first to grow in a new or disturbed area 3. As pioneer plants grow and die, decaying material builds up and helps builds soil in which other organisms can survive SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS 1. Reproduce by spores 2. Have vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients to cells throughout the plant 3. Grow larger than nonvascular plants because of ability to transport water and nutrients farther SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS 1. 2. 3. 4. Ferns Ground Pines (club moss) Spike Mosses (club moss) Horsetails FERNS 1. Largest group of seedless vascular plants 2. Fronds: fern leaves, they produce spores CLUB MOSSES 1. Ground Pines and Spike Mosses: have needle like leaves; spores produced in structures at the tip of the stem that look like pine cones HORSETAILS 1. Has a unique stem that is jointed and has a hollow center which is surrounded by vascular tissue. 2. Spores are produced in cone-like structures at the tip of the stem 3. Stems of horsetails contain silica (remember diatoms contained silica in the cell wall) SEEDLESS PLANTS Bogs: poorly drained areas of land that contain decaying plants Over time the decaying plants are compressed and form “peat”, which is used as a low cost fuel in Ireland and Russia. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Houseplants Gardening (peat moss) Ferns used to weave baskets Rhizomes of some ferns are edible medicines