Download Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with Learning
Disabilities
Mathematics
Math Skills Development
• Learning readiness
– Number instruction
• Classification, ordering, one-to-one correspondence
– More Advanced Mathematics
• Operations
– Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
• Basic axioms
– Commutative property of addition, commutative property of
multiplication, associative property of addition and
multiplication, distributive property of multiplication over
addition, and inverse operations for addition and
multiplication
Specific Learning Disabilities
In Math
• General Characteristics
– Learned helplessness
– Passive learners
– Metacognitive and cognitive processes
– Social and emotional factors
– Arousal deficit theory
Math Skills Assessment
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General skills assessment
Specific skills assessment
Problem-solving assessment
Attitude toward mathematics
Examining Math Errors
• Corrective intervention is influenced by
type of error
• Two major areas
– Computation
– Problem Solving
Level of Understanding
• Concrete
– Manipulation of objects
• Semiconcrete
– Working with illustrations of items in
performing math tasks
• Abstract
– Use of numerals
Assessment
• Formal math assessment with standardized
tests
• Formal math assessment with criterionreferenced tests
• Informal math assessment
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Curriculum-based measurement
Teacher-constructed tests
Assessment at the three levels
Diagnostic math interviews
Research on Effective Math
Instruction
• Problem-solving
• Communication of
mathematical ideas
• Mathematical reasoning
• Application of
mathematics to
everyday situations
• Alertness to
reasonableness of
results
• Estimation
• Appropriate
computational skills
• Algebraic thinking
• Measurement
• Geometry
• Statistics
• Probability
Teaching the Acquisition of
Math
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Follow teaching steps
Use teacher modeling of explicit strategies
Focus on teacher-student interactions
Use the concrete-semiconcrete-abstract
sequence
• Teach concepts and rules
• Monitor progress and provide feedback
• Maintain flexibility
Teaching Toward…
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Mastery
Problem solving
Generalization
Positive attitude toward math
Concrete-SemiconcreteAbstract Activities
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Subtraction with regrouping
Multiplication
Algorithms
Multiplication algorithms
Fraction algorithm
Problem-Solving Interventions
• CSA sequence
• RIDE
– Read the problem correctly
– Identify the relevant information
– Determine the operations and unit for
expressing the answer
– Enter the correct numbers and calculate
and check the answer