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Mount Olympus Greek Mythology • Years ago, people of every culture created stories to explain natural phenomena and the consequences of mans behavior. • These myths have been handed down over the years. • Today many aspects of these stories still exist in our language. Greek Mythology • Of the many gods and goddess only 12 were allowed to live on Mount Olympus. • They included Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Hestia, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, and Hermes. Greek Mythology • Several Roman names for the gods correlate to the nine planets. • Each god has a story to tell as well as punishment for mortals who disobey. • All myths have good versus evil with a moral to be learned. Kronos Rhea Zeus Poseidon Hades Hera Demeter Persephon e Athena Hestia Apollo Artemis Ares Aphrodite Heracles Perseus Hephaest us Hermes Pegasus Giants Pandora Titans Medusa Cerberus Tartarus Achilles Odysseu s Click on each word to learn about their role in mythology. You can use the Home Button to return to this page. Kronos He was the leader and youngest of the Titans. He is usually shown carrying a sickle or scythe. He and his wife Rhea had 6 children, including: Demeter, Hestia, Hera, Hades, Poseidon and Zeus. When Zeus was grown he and his brothers and sisters overthrew Kronos and banished him to Tartarus. Rhea Rhea is known as the mother of the gods. She and Kronos had six children together. But Kronos learned that his children were going to overthrow him. To prevent that from happening he swallowed them as soon as they were born all except Zeus who was hidden away by Rhea. When Zeus was grown, he and Rhea made Kronus spit up all of his Zeus Roman name: Jupiter King of the gods. His dominion is the sky. He overthrew his parents (Kronos and Rhea) to become ruler on Mount Olympus. He is married to Hera, but has children from other women. Most well known of his children are the heroes Perseus, Hercules, and Achilles. Poseidon Roman name: Neptune God of the seas. He is the brother to Zeus and Hades. When the three brothers divided up creation, Poseidon choose the watery realm to be his dominion. He can live on Mount Olympus, but prefers to remain in the ocean. Hades Roman name: Pluto When the three brothers divided up creation, Zeus tricked Hades who unwittingly became ruler of the underworld. Typically he is seen standing next to Cerberus — his three headed dog. Hades is greatly feared and is not allowed to live on Mount Olympus. Hera Roman name: Juno Hera is the queen of the gods as she is married to Zeus. She is the goddess of women and marriage. Often she is described as the goddess of the sky and starry heavens. Mount Olympus is her home. Demeter Roman name: Ceres Demeter is the goddess of the earth, the harvest, and of fertility. She is the reason for the seasons. Because her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades, Demeter cursed the earth. When Demeter grieves Persephone absence she withdraws her gifts from the world, creating winter. When Persephone returns it becomes spring. Persephone The daughter of Demeter Persephone was abducted by Hades and taken to the underworld to be his wife. Because she had eaten while in the underworld, Hades had a claim on her. Zeus worked out a plan where Persephone would spend four months each year in the underworld. This is known as winter. Upon Persephone’s return, life returns to earth and spring begins. Athena Roman name: Ceres Athena is a virgin goddess and daughter of Zeus. She embodies wisdom, reason, and purity. The owl is her bird. As Zeus’ favorite child, Athena is allowed to use his weapons. She is fierce in battle, but only fights to defend ones home from enemies. She invented the bridle so man could tame Hestia Roman name: Vesta Hestia is Zeus’ sister. She is a virgin goddess. Her symbol is the Hearth. She doesn’t have any specific roles in myths. She is considered the most charitable and honest of the Olympians. Apollo Roman name: Apollo Apollo is the twin to sister Artemis. He is known as the god of music, of light, of healing, of truth and the archer. He taught man medicine and the art of healing. Each day his chariot and four horses drive the Sun across the sky. Artemis Roman name: Diana Artemis is the twin to brother Apollo. She is the goddess of the hunt, the moon, and is known as the huntsman of the gods. Both she and Apollo hunt with silver arrows. Her dominion is protecting animals, especially the deer. Ares Roman name: Mars Ares is the god of war. His bird is the vulture and his animal is the dog. While considered murderous and blood thirsty, he is also a coward. When caught fooling around with Aphrodite, her husband Hephaestus was able to publicly make fun of him. Aphrodite Roman name: Venus Aphrodite is the goddess of love, desire and beauty. She is the wife of Hephaestus. Her birds are the swan, dove, and sparrow. Her power is the ability to bind people together who are attracted to one another. Hephaestus Roman name: Vulcan Hephaestus is the only god to be physically ugly and lame. As the god of blacksmiths, he is often seen with a smith’s hammer, anvil, and a pair of tongs. He made all the weapons for the gods in Olympus. He is kind and loving. His wife is Aphrodite. Hermes Roman name: Mercury Hermes is known as the messenger of the gods. He also guides the souls to the underworld. His symbol is winged sandals which allows the wearer the ability of flight. He helped both Odysseus and Perseus on their quests. Pegasus Pegasus is a winged stallion. He carries lighting bolts for Zeus and occasionally aides Zeus’ children on quests, such as with Perseus. Pegasus was created from Poseidon and Medusa after her head was cut off by Perseus. Cerberus Is a three headed dog that guards the entrance to the underworld. He allows the dead to enter, but never to leave. Heracles Key Vocabulary: Herculean Heracles was a demi-god as his father was Zeus and his mother was a mortal. He is known as the strongest of all mortals and many of the gods. Because of his strength, the Olympian gods were able to defeat the giants. His greatest accomplishment was when he defeated Cerberus. Perseus Perseus was a Greek hero as his father was Zeus and his mother was a mortal. In order to rescue Andromeda, Perseus killed the Gorgon Medusa. He used Medusa’s head to turn the Cetus, a sea monster, to stone. Achilles Key Vocabulary: Achilles Heel Achilles mother wanted to make him immortal. So she dipped him in the river Styx. However, he was left vulnerable at the part of the body that she held him, his heel. During the Trojan War, Achilles heel was struck with an arrow, thus killing him. Odysseus Key Vocabulary: Trojan Horse During the Trojan War, Odysseus and his men were able to trick the Trojans. Hiding inside a colossal wooden horse were Greek soldiers. The Trojans thinking is was a gift, brought the horse inside the city gates. Late at night the Greek soldiers came out of the horse and destroyed Troy. Giants Giants are monsters of human appearance but with superior size and strength. During the time of the Titans, the Giants wanted control and fought the Titans. However, with Heracles help, the Olympians were able to defeat the Giants and the Titans. Pandora Key Vocabulary: Pandora’s Box Pandora was the first human woman. Each of the Olympians bestowed a special gift to her. In Zeus’ palace were two boxes, one was filled with evil and the other with good. Unknowingly, Pandora opened the box that contained the evils of the world. Titans The Titans were the first race of deities. They were immortal beings of incredible strength. They included Oceanus, Hyperion, Coeus, Kronos, Crius, Lapetus, Mnemosyne, Tethys, Theia, Phoebe, Rhea, and Themnis. Medusa Medusa was born as a beautify maiden. But because she fooled around with Poseidon in Athena’s temple, Athena cursed her. She turned her hair to serpents and made her face so ugly that anyone who looked upon it would be turned to stone. Tartarus It is a prison for defeated gods. The first occupants were the Titans after losing their battle against the Olympians gods. It is a dark, gloomy abyss with walls made out of bronze. A picture speaks a thousand words… Disney’s Hercules 2:33