Download Muscular System Functions and Disorders

1.05 Understand the
functions and disorders of
the muscular system
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
2
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
3
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
4
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation
+
contraction of muscle proteins
=
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
5
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of
muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium
pump of the membrane of
a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to
illustrate the complexity of the
process of movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability-
Responds to
stimuli
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility• Stretching
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
8
Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity-
Return to
Original length when
relaxed
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
9
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
10
Muscle Tone
Muscle tone – always slightly contracted and
ready to pull.
• Atrophy:
a- ________ -trophy ________
• Hypertrophy:
hyper- _______ -trophy ________
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
11
Muscle Injuries & Disorders
Atrophy:
The
deterioration of
muscle.
CAUSE
Occurs in muscles
that are not used,
as when a limb is
in a cast.
Muscle decreases in
size & strength
PG. 396
Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off
his leg. His calf muscle
on the affected leg is 1”
smaller in diameter than
his other calf muscle.
• What happened?
• How do you explain
this to him?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
13
Muscle Tone
Exercise & Training
What are the
advantages of
exercise?
Are there any
disadvantages of
exercise?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
14
Muscle Fatigue
Discuss muscle fatigue:
– What causes muscle fatigue?
• Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle.
– How does the body correct muscle fatigue?
• Getting oxygen back to the muscle cell.
– Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to refill
the muscle.
– Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
• Give examples of each.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
15
http://www.livestrong.com/arti
cle/255055-what-is-thedifference-between-aerobicanaerobic-exercise/
• Aerobic
• Anaerobic
– With oxygen or
requiring oxygen
– Without oxygen
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
16
Functions of the
Muscular System
What are the
functions of the
muscular system?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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3 Functions of Muscles
1. Movement
☺ All body movements are the result
of muscle contraction and
relaxation.
☺ Muscles move organs and tissues
within your body.
☺ Bones must be moved by muscles
or they could not function.
Movement:
Skeletal Muscle
• Receptors in muscles provide the brain with
information about body position and movement.
• The brain controls the contraction of skeletal
muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement
Origin – Part of the
skeletal muscle that is
attached to a fixed
structure or bone
It moves least
during a contraction.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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• Insertion
– The other end of a muscle, attached to a
movable part
– Moves the most during a muscle contraction.
– Belly – central body of a muscle
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Arranged in pairs
• Prime mover
– Produces movement in a single direction
• Antagonist
– Produces movement in the opposite direction
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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• Synergists
– Help to steady a movement or stabilize joint
activity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement:
Smooth Muscle
Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which
food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement:
Cardiac Muscle
Circulatory System
Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the
speed at which the heart beats.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
25
Posture
• How does the muscular system effect
posture?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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2. Maintenance of Posture
☺ Bones support your body, but
your skeleton cannot balance
upright by itself.
☺ To keep your body upright
(against the pull of gravity), muscles
must continually contract,
pulling against your bones.
Body Heat
Muscles produce heat, to keep us warm. We
maintain our body temperature at 98.6
Muscle gets energy from ATP. ATP is released
to produce heat when muscle is stimulated.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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3. Production of Body Heat
☺The constant muscle contractions
throughout your body produce a large
amount of heat.
☺This heat helps maintain your body’s
normal temperature.
Avg. Body Temp.
98.6°
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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☺How does the body maintain its temp. in
colder environments?
☺How does the body maintain its temp. in
warmer environments?
PG. 398
Myopathy
Disease or disorder of the Muscle
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Fibromyalgia
Collection of symptoms
Chronic muscle pain lasting 3+ months
Fatigue, headache, numbness
Joint pain
Treatment directed at pain relief
Exercise regularly, massage therapy
Chiropractic procedures, relaxation
Techniques, strengthening exercise
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Hernia
An organ/tissue that pokes
through an area of weak
muscle.
CAUSE: Straining to lift
heavy objects.
TREATMENT : Surgery
*Intervertebral disc bulges out
pressing on nerve.
*Intestine pushes through
abdm. Wall
Cramp:
Intense & prolonged muscle
contraction causing pain.
CAUSE: overworked
TREATMENT: massaging, stretching, K ↑.
Strain:
Muscle stretched or torn
CAUSE: overworked, sudden force or pull.
TREATMENT: R.I.C.E.
PREVENTION: warm-up, stretch
PG. 398
Tendonitis
Inflammation of the
tendon.
CAUSE
overuse, injury, aging
SIGNS
Joint pain & Swelling
TREATMENT
Rest
PG. 398
Bruise
An area of discolored
skin that appears after
an injury causes the
blood vessels beneath
the skin to rupture and
leak.
CAUSE: forceful blow
to the area.
TREATMENT: Ice to
reduce swelling.
PG. 398
Myasthenia Gravis
Cause
unknown but believed to be due to defect in
the immune system
Symptoms
progressive muscle weakness and paralysis
Prognosis
could be fatal in extreme cases (respiratory
paralysis)
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Tetanus
Cause
infectious disease- continuous spasm of
involuntary muscles
Toxin –clostridium tetani
Enter body through puncture wound
Can be prevented by a tetanus anti toxoid
vaccine
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Spasm
- Occurs when a single
muscle involuntarily
contracts.
☺THE END☺
Muscular
Dystrophy
- An hereditary disease
that slowly destroys
muscle tissue.
- Gradually lose muscle
control; may become
unable to move.
►NO CURE
- w/ early detection, it
can be delayed
through exercise
programs.
PG. 398
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
41