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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module EXPERIMENT 1: KIRCHHOFF’S LAW OBJECTIVES To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) INTRODUCTION By consideration of series and parallel connections of resistors, there are certain conditions appertaining to each form of connection. For instant, in a series circuit, the sum of voltages across each of the components is equal to the applied voltage again the sum of currents in the branches of a parallel network is equal to the supply current. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that at any instant, the algebraic sum of the currents at a junction in a network is zero. This means that the sum of currents that entering a node is equal to the sum of currents that leave the node. I1 I3 I2 I5 I4 Figure 1.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) For the network junction shown in figure above, the current relationship is given as below: I1 – I2 – I3 – I4 – I5 = 0 I1 = I2 + I3 + I4 + I5 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that any instant in a closed loop, the algebraic sum of voltages acting round the loop is equal to zero. UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 1 Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module +V2+V1- +V3- -V4+ Figure 1.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) The equation of voltage counter-clockwise direction across the loop is given as below: V1 – V2 – V3 - V4 = 0 V1 = V2 + V3 + V4 EQUIPMENTS 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Breadboard – 1 DC Power Supply – 1 Multimeter – 1 1 kΩ resistor – 2 2.2 kΩ resistor – 2 4.7 kΩ resistor – 1 PROCEDURES Kirchhoff’s Current Law 1. Derive the equation of Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) at point A and B in terms of IR1, IR2, IR3, IR4 and IR5 as in Figure 1.3. UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 2 Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module Figure 1.3 2. Calculate theoretically current IT when V = 10 V. Record the value and verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law theoretically between point A and B. 3. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1.3 on the breadboard. 4. Turn on the DC power supply and adjust to 10V. By using multimeter, measure the current that flow through every resistor and record all values in Table 1.1. 5. Prove Kirchhoff’s Law practically by using your data. 6. Repeat Step 3 and 4 by increasing the power supply to V = 15V. 7. Record all values in Table 1.1. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 1. Derive the equation of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) at point A and B in terms of VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4 and VR5 as in Figure 1.3. 2. Calculate theoretically the voltage across every resistor when V = 10V. Record the calculation and verify theoretically Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) for all closed loop below: i) ii) iii) V, R1, R2 and R5 V, R1, R3 and R5 V, R1, R4 and R5 3. Turn on the DC power supply and adjust to 10V. By using multimeter, measure voltage drop that flow through every resistor and record all values in Table 1.2. UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 3 Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module 4. Prove Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) practically by using your data. 5. Repeat step 2 and 3 by increasing the power supply to V = 15V 6. Record all values in Table 1.2. UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 4 Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module Name: _________________________ Matrix No.: _____________ Date: __________ RESULTS Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) Current IT (mA) IR2 (mA) IR3 (mA) IR4 (mA) IR5 (mA) V = 10V Calculated Measured V = 15V Calculated Measured Table 1.1 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) Voltage VR1 (V) VR2 (mA) VR3 (mA) VR4 (mA) VR5 (mA) V = 10V Calculated Measured V = 15V Calculated Measured Table 1.2 Instructor Approval: _____________________________________ Date: __________ UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 5 Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module Name: _________________________ Matrix No.: _____________ Date: __________ CALCULATION Instructor Approval: _____________________________________ Date: __________ UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 6 Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3) Laboratory Module Name: _________________________ Matrix No.: _____________ Date: __________ DISCUSSION ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ CONCLUSION ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Instructor Approval: _____________________________________ Date: __________ UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law 7