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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
EXPERIMENT 1: KIRCHHOFF’S LAW
OBJECTIVES
To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
INTRODUCTION
By consideration of series and parallel connections of resistors, there are certain
conditions appertaining to each form of connection. For instant, in a series circuit,
the sum of voltages across each of the components is equal to the applied
voltage again the sum of currents in the branches of a parallel network is equal to
the supply current.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that at any instant, the algebraic sum of
the currents at a junction in a network is zero. This means that the sum of
currents that entering a node is equal to the sum of currents that leave the node.
I1
I3
I2
I5
I4
Figure 1.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
For the network junction shown in figure above, the current relationship is given
as below:
I1 – I2 – I3 – I4 – I5 = 0
I1 = I2 + I3 + I4 + I5
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that any instant in a closed loop, the
algebraic sum of voltages acting round the loop is equal to zero.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
+V2+V1-
+V3-
-V4+
Figure 1.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
The equation of voltage counter-clockwise direction across the loop is given as
below:
V1 – V2 – V3 - V4 = 0
V1 = V2 + V3 + V4
EQUIPMENTS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Breadboard – 1
DC Power Supply – 1
Multimeter – 1
1 kΩ resistor – 2
2.2 kΩ resistor – 2
4.7 kΩ resistor – 1
PROCEDURES
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
1. Derive the equation of Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) at point A and B in terms of
IR1, IR2, IR3, IR4 and IR5 as in Figure 1.3.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
Figure 1.3
2. Calculate theoretically current IT when V = 10 V. Record the value and verify
Kirchhoff’s Current Law theoretically between point A and B.
3. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1.3 on the breadboard.
4. Turn on the DC power supply and adjust to 10V. By using multimeter, measure
the current that flow through every resistor and record all values in Table 1.1.
5. Prove Kirchhoff’s Law practically by using your data.
6. Repeat Step 3 and 4 by increasing the power supply to V = 15V.
7. Record all values in Table 1.1.
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
1. Derive the equation of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) at point A and B in terms of
VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4 and VR5 as in Figure 1.3.
2. Calculate theoretically the voltage across every resistor when V = 10V. Record
the calculation and verify theoretically Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) for all
closed loop below:
i)
ii)
iii)
V, R1, R2 and R5
V, R1, R3 and R5
V, R1, R4 and R5
3. Turn on the DC power supply and adjust to 10V. By using multimeter, measure
voltage drop that flow through every resistor and record all values in Table 1.2.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
4. Prove Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) practically by using your data.
5. Repeat step 2 and 3 by increasing the power supply to V = 15V
6. Record all values in Table 1.2.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
Name: _________________________ Matrix No.: _____________ Date: __________
RESULTS
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Current
IT (mA)
IR2 (mA)
IR3 (mA)
IR4 (mA)
IR5 (mA)
V = 10V
Calculated
Measured
V = 15V
Calculated
Measured
Table 1.1
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Voltage
VR1 (V)
VR2 (mA)
VR3 (mA)
VR4 (mA)
VR5 (mA)
V = 10V
Calculated
Measured
V = 15V
Calculated
Measured
Table 1.2
Instructor Approval: _____________________________________ Date: __________
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
Name: _________________________ Matrix No.: _____________ Date: __________
CALCULATION
Instructor Approval: _____________________________________ Date: __________
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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Basic Electrical Technology (DET 211/3)
Laboratory Module
Name: _________________________ Matrix No.: _____________ Date: __________
DISCUSSION
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CONCLUSION
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Instructor Approval: _____________________________________ Date: __________
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) –Experiment 1- Kirchhoff’s Law
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