Download Chapter 3 Section 1- The Southern Colonies

Chapter 3 Section 1
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
The Southern Colonies
 Founding a New Colony
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1605- Company of English merchants went to the king to get a
charter and it was granted in 1606
April 26, 1607- 105 Colonists arrived in America
By May 14, they went 40 miles up the James River and found the
FIRST permanent settlement Jamestown
The colonists were very unprepared
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By winter 2/3 had died
 Powhatan Confederacy
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John Smith took over as leader
Built a fort, and created rules that rewarded hard work
Formed an agreement with the Powhatan tribes
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Learned to grow corn and were brought food
The Southern Colonies
 1609- 400 more settlers arrived
 Bad winter with sickness, and famine hit, in the spring
only 60 still alive
 John Rolfe takes over and makes Jamestown a profitable
venture
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Introduces new type of tobacco
 War in Virginia
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Rolfe marries Pocahontas in 1614
She dies in England in 1617
1622- Powhatan leader is killed by Colonists
Powhatan people attack the colonists
War continues for 20 years
1624- Virginia goes to a royal colony that the governor is chosen by
the king.
The Southern Colonies
 Daily Life in Virginia
 Headright System
 People didn’t live in towns that much but in scattered farms
 Some wealthy owners created large plantations where items
such as tobacco were grown
 Under the Headright system, the London land company’s
would give 50 acres of land to those who paid their own way, if
they brought people with them they could get an additional 50
acres, so the wealthy who brought lots of servants received lots
of land.
The Southern Colonies
 Labor in Virginia
 Very high death rates in Virginia, led to a lack of workers.
 Many workers were indentured servants (worked for 4 -7 years
to pay off debt)
 Expansion of Slavery
 1619- Dutch brought Africans workers to Virginia
 Some were servants, others were slaves
 Price of slavery fell and labor shortages caused slavery to
increase
The Southern Colonies
 Bacon’s Rebellion
 A rise in Taxes and lack of protection in Jamestown caused
protests
 1676- Group led by Nathaniel Bacon attacked some peaceful
native Americans, which hurt trade, when the government
tried stop him, they attacked the colony and burned
Jamestown.
 Other Southern Colonies
 Maryland
Established by George Calvert (Lord of Baltimore) for a place for
the English Catholics to go to
 Charter was actually given to his son Cecilius who named the
colony after Queen Mary
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The Southern Colonies
 Maryland (continued)
 Was suppose to be a proprietary colony (owned by an
individual or a couple of people)
 Economy on farming, raising cattle and hogs
 Protestants started to move to the colony as well, led to conflict
between the them and the Catholics
 Toleration Act of 1649
Bill made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians
 First bill supporting religious tolerance
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The Southern Colonies
 Carolinas and Georgia
 Use to be 1 large colony, then broke apart in 1712
 North Carolina residents were Virginians who moved south
 South Carolina was made up of people who were immigrating
from Europe
 Georgia was formed as a debtors colony and shield from the
Spanish by James Oglethorpe
 Oglethorpe outlawed slavery and limited land grant size, but
that ended leading to large rice plantations worked by slaves.
The Southern Colonies
 Economies of the Southern Colonies
 Depended on Agriculture, and needed the other colonies to get
shipping material
 Grew Cash crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo
 Needed large amount of labor to farm the plantations so
Slavery became the norm
 Slave Codes were passed to control the large populations