Download Respiration Notes File

ABS
Identifying the properties of
Respiration
100 pts.
What is the
difference
between
photosynthesis
and respiration?
What are the 2
reactions of
photosynthesis?
Name: ______________________________________
Date: _______________________________________
Class Hour: __________________________________
Identifying the Properties of Respiration
Photosynthesis - Respiration Comparison
•
Photosynthesis
•
Occurs only in green plants
•
Occurs only in green plant cells
•
Proceeds only in ___________
•
Food is __________
•
Increases dry __________
•
CO2, H2O are used
•
Produces _____________ and O2
•
Stores energy in sugar
•
ATP & ___________ produced
•
ATP and NADPH used in sugar
_______________
Photosynthesis
•
Light Reaction
Hill Reaction
(Granum)
•
Dark Reaction
Calvin Cycle
(Stroma)
Respiration
•
Occurs in all plants and
__________
•
Occurs in all ________cells
•
Proceeds in light and __________
•
Food is ____________
•
Decreases dry weight
•
___________ and O2 are used
•
Produces CO2 and H2O
•
Releases ___________
•
ATP produced
•
ATP and NADPH used for many
reactions
Respiration
Plant Respiration
Plants breath and need to make energy!
When does
respiration occur?
Respiration
•
What are the 3
process of
respiration?
Occurs in both _________ and ___________
Respiration has Three Processes
•
1. Glycolysis
•
2. ___________________
•
3. Electron Transport Chain
Respiration
What is
respiration?
What is the
definition of
respiration?
•
Respiration is the process by which cells of a living____________
use energy stored in food molecules to make ATP.
•
The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP are unstable and
their __________(where the bonds are broken) releases energy that
can be used to drive other cellular processes.
Respiration - Definition
•
Chemical process by which sugars and starches produced by
photosynthesis are converted to energy
What happens
during
respiration?
What is the
difference
between
respiration in
animals and
plants?
Respiration
•
______________ made during Photosynthesis are of value to the
plant when they are converted to energy.
•
This energy is used in the process of building new __________, or
plant growth.
•
The chemical process by which sugars and starches produced in
Photosynthesis are converted to ____________is called
RESPIRATION.
Respiration
•
In animals,_______________ carries CO2 and O2 to and from
atmosphere by lungs and gills.
•
In plants, these gases diffuse into plants through the
____________.
Respiration
•
Occurs in all life forms and in the _____________ organelle of all
cells.
What are the
Mitochondria
different parts of
• The Mitochondria contain the Cristae & the Matrix.
the mitochondria?
•
__________: Highly folded inner membrane
•
__________: Space inside the inner membrane.
A Respiration Flow Chart
What is the
equation for
respiration?
Respiration – Equation
Please write down the chemical and written equations for respiration:
Respiration General Reaction
•
The equation tells us that __________reacts with oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy.
•
Energy can be electrons or ________. ATP is formed in Glycolysis,
the Kreb Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain.
Respiration
•
When do plants
use respiration?
The raw materials used in Respiration flow into the mitochondria, and
from them __________ energy emerges.
Respiration
•
Plants use ___________ in Respiration during the day as well as the
night. _________ __________ is one of the end products of
Respiration in plants, just as in animals.
Photosynthesis - Equation
What is the
equation for
photosynthesis?
Please write the chemical and written equation for photosynthesis:
What are the 3
process of
respiration?
What is
glycolysis?
Respiration
•
Consists of three major processes:
•
1. Glycolysis
•
2. Krebs Cycle
•
3. Electron Transport Chain
Respiration
•
1. Glycolysis
•
Where does
glycolysis take
place?
What steps take
place in
glycolysis?
Takes place in the ____________of the cell and requires no
oxygen.
Glycolysis
•
In Glycolysis, a 6-carbon sugar is broken down into two, 3-carbon
molecules called pyruvate. In the process, ATP is formed, and
electrons are delivered to the ETC.
Respiration
•
1. Glycolysis
•
Occurs in the cytoplasm
•
Glucose is broken down to form Pyruvate into Pyruvic Acid.
•
Two ATP’s are made.
•
Electrons are delivered to the ETC.
Glycolysis
•
In Glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two-3carbon molecules
called ______________. In the process, two ATP’s are used up and
four ATP’s are made.
Glycolysis
How many
molecules of ATP
are created
during glycolysis?
•
This results in a net yield of __________ATP’s.
•
______________ Electrons are delivered to the ETC.
Essence of Glycolysis
•
In a series of reactions, the glucose molecule becomes a fructose
molecule, carrying ________ phosphates. (P)
•
This fructose molecule is split into 3-carbon fragments. NADH2 &
ATP is released.
•
Some ____________, energy, and water are removed from these 3carbon fragments forming Pyruvate, which degrades to Pyruvic Acid.
Glycolysis - Review
•
Occurs in the ______________ of the cell.
•
Glucose is broken down to form _____________.
•
______________ molecules of NADH are made.
•
_____________ATP’s are made.
•
Electrons are delivered to the ETC.
What is the Krebs Respiration
Cycle?
• Consists of three major processes:
•
1. Glycolysis
•
2. _____________
•
3. Electron Transport Chain
Sir Hans A. Krebs
Who is Sir Hans
Krebs?
Where does the
Krebs Cycle take
place?
•
The Krebs Cycle was named after Hans Krebs, a British biochemist.
•
Born in Germany in 1900
•
Professor of Biochemistry, Oxford, 1945
•
Discovered the ________ _________cycle (Krebs Cycle) of
respiration in 1953.
•
Won the Nobel Laureate in Medicine, 1953
•
Knighted in 1958
•
Died 1981
Krebs Cycle
•
Before entering the Krebs Cycle, which takes place in the fluid Matrix
within the compartments formed by the Cristae of the Mitochondria,
Carbon Dioxide is released from the Pyruvate produced by Glycolysis.
Krebs Cycle
How many
molecules of ATP
are generated in
Krebs Cycle?
•
During the Krebs Cycle, three molecules of NADH and one molecule of
FADH2 (electron carriers) are formed.
•
One molecule of ATP is generated.
Krebs Cycle
•
NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers) go on to deliver their electrons
to the electron transport chain.
Respiration
•
2. Krebs cycle
•
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
•
The Cycle releases Carbon Dioxide.
•
NADH & FADH2 deliver their electrons to the ETC.
•
ATP is generated.
Respiration - Krebs Cycle Review
What is the
Electron
Transport Chain?
What are the
steps of the ETC?
•
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
•
The Cycle releases Carbon Dioxide.
•
NADH & FADH2 deliver their electrons to the ETC.
•
ATP is generated
Respiration
•
Consists of three major processes:
•
1. Glycolysis
•
2. Krebs Cycle
•
3. _____________________________
Respiration
•
•
3. Electron transport chain - ETC
•
The ETC is located in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane.
•
The ETC moves electrons _________the chain producing
ATP from ADP.
•
Uses _______ and Hydrogen to release water.
Electron Transport Chain
•
Where does the
ETC take place?
______________from the Krebs Cycle electron carriers
NADH & FADH2 are delivered to the Electron Transport Chain.
Electron Transport Chain - ETC
•
The Electron Transport Chain is located in the inner mitochondrial
membrane. The “chain” uses the energy of the “_______” electrons
to pump protons (H+) from the matrix of the mitochondria to the
inner membrane space.
Electron Transport Chain - ETC
•
This creates a proton ________across the membrane (more
protons in the inter-membrane space than the matrix). These
protons move back across the membrane (down the gradient)
through the protein complex called ATP synthase.
Electron Transport Chain
•
This “___________” of protons through the ATP synthase, powers
the synthesis of ATP from ADP.
Notes on The ETC
•
1. The ETC is located in the Inner ____________ Membrane.
•
2. The ETC moves _________down the chain producing ATP from
ADP.
•
3. Releases _________________
Respiration
•
Summary of Respiration
•
Respiration consists of Three Major Processes:
•
GYLCOLYSIS
•
KREBS CYCLE
•
What are the
factors that
influence
respiration?
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Factors that Influence Respiration
•
1. Temperature
•
2. Oxygen ________________
•
2. Soil Conditions
•
4. _________________
Factors Influencing Rates of Respiration
How does
temperature
effect
respiration?
How does oxygen
effect
respiration?
•
1. Temperature
•
There is a positive relationship between temperature and
respiration. This is usually within the boundaries of
__________oF and _________oF.
•
____________temperature means increased respiration.
•
_____________ of stored plant parts (tomatoes, apples,
bananas, and flowers) reduces respiration rates
Factors Influencing Rates of Respiration
•
2. Oxygen concentration
•
Concentrations of O2 below __________% result in a decrease
in respiration.
•
Increasing O2 concentrations __________21% does not result
in increased respiration rates.
Factors Influencing Rates of Respiration
How does soil
condition effect
respiration?
•
3. Soil Conditions
•
Compacted or water-logged soils reduces ____________
•
Results in __________root respiration and poor plant growth
Factors Influencing Rates of Respiration
How does light
effect
respiration?
•
4. Light
•
Light Intensity and ________ affect respiration.
•
Plants grown in low light exhibit ___________ respiration
rates.
•
Low light reduces photosynthesis.
•
Decreases the amount of ___________ produced and available
for respiration.
Factors that Influence Respiration
•
1. Temperature
•
2. Oxygen Concentration
•
2. Soil Conditions
•
4. Light
Respiration & Plant Growth
•
Plant Growth depends on products like ___________ that result
from photosynthesis and also from mitochondrial respiration for
energy and tissue building compounds.
Respiration & Plant Growth
•
Under favorable conditions the corn plant synthesizes
(Photosynthesis) about ___________ of sugar per day. While the
average amount respired is two grams per day. The average net gain is
7 grams.
Respiration & Plant Growth
•
Therefore the amount made is greater than the amount used and
there is a __________ for growth and storage. When the amount
made equals the amount used, there is no surplus for growth.
Summary