Download SOMATOTYPES

Explain the importance of
micronutrients in maintaining a
healthy, active lifestyle. (4 marks)
Energy Balance
Energy
Balance
AMOUNT OF ENERGY
TAKEN IN
(eating)
AMOUNT OF
ENERGY USED
(work, exercise etc.)
The Energy Equation.
This is important for sports people because they
will need to ensure they are eating the right foods
but are also eating sufficient calories so that they
can keep going and not lose or put on any weight.
Weight
•
•
•
Intake>expenditure = increase weight
Intake<expenditure = decrease weight
Intake = expenditure = stay same
Explanations.
OVERWEIGHT
• People who have weight in excess of normal. This is judged on
expected weight for people’s height, age and sex.
UNDERWEIGHT
• Term used o describe someone who does not have the
recommended amount of body fat in relation to height, age and
sex
OVERFAT
• A way of saying that you have more body fat than you should
have.
OBESE
• A term used to describe someone who is VERY FAT.
ANOREXIC
• A term used to describe an eating disorder known as anorexia
which is a loss of appetite.
Factors affecting Optimum
FACTORS AFFECTING
OPTIMUM BODY
body weight
WEIGHT
•
•
•
•
height
sex
bone structure
muscle girth
Factors Affecting weight
• Gender: A man who is the same height as a woman is
likely to be heavier this is because men tend to have more
muscle and larger bones.
• Height: Although it maybe that a taller person will weigh
more than a shorter person this is not always the case
because bone structure, muscle girth and percentage of
body weight (fat) will vary.
• Bone Structure: People have different bone structures
people can be the same height but have different bone
structure and therefore will weigh differently.
• Muscle Girth: People naturally have different sized
muscle girths, person with bigger muscles will weigh more.
Girth is measured at the widest point of the muscle.
The performers in Figure 3 will have a different
optimum weight compared to performers in other
athletic activities such as sprinting and shot put.
State two factors that will cause optimum weight to
vary between individuals competing in the same
event.
SOMATOTYPES
Somatotyping is a method of
classifying people by their body shape.
Your body type is something you are
born with because it is genetically
defined. Changing your diet taking part
in exercise can remove fat and
increase muscle mass BUT it can’t
change your height or basic bone
structure.
Endomorph
• D is for dumpy characteristics of an endomorph
are:
• Wide hips narrow shoulders.
• Large Head.
• Tendency to put on fat
• Short tapering limbs
• Round shape.
Endomorphs and Sport
• Endomorphs excel in sports requiring strength
but not stamina as they will carry extra weight.
• The most obvious sport which requires
participants to be heavy is sumo wrestling as
this only lasts a short length of time and is all
about strength.
Mesomorph
• M is for muscular, characteristics of a
mesomorph are
• Broad shoulders and narrow hips.
• Heavy chest
• Muscular body
• High proportion of muscle
• Strong arms and legs.
• Wedge shaped
Mesomorphs in Sport
• Mesomorphs can usually perform well in a wide
variety of sports, especially those which require
strength, speed (power).
• These somatotypes excel in sports such as
sprinting, swimming and rowing. They can also
be found in team sports such as football and
rugby.
Ectomorph
T is for tall and thin, characteristics of an
ectomorph are:
•Narrow shoulders and narrow hips.
•Fragile delicate body.
•Thin, narrow chest, abdomen and limbs
•Very little muscle or body fat.
•Thin straight rectangular shape
Ectomorphs in Sport
• Ectomorphs have the opposite body type to
endomorphs they can be often be found in
endurance events.
• Other sports that suit ectomorphs are the high
jump and horse racing.
William Sheldon designed the system in which he
categorised people according to their body shape.
He then scored them out of 7 so for example
An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1
An extreme mesomorph would be given a score 1,7,1
An extreme Ectomorph would be given a score 1,1,7
An average person would be given a score of 4,3,3
Mesomorph
Average Person
Endomorph
Ectomorph
See if we can work out this persons
somatotype score.
Mesomorph
Endomorph
Ectomorph
Theo Walcott
Consider his body shape and the characteristics of each of the
somatotypes, discuss with the person sitting next to you and
give him a score out of 7 for each of the categories starting
with Endomorph, then mesomorph and finally ectomorph.
Draw a table like this and add three characteristics that
describe each of the somatotypes. Examples are provided
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectopmorh
1. Round in shape
1. Muscular body
1.Fragile and delicate
frame
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.
Test Your Self
Performer
sprinter
Tennis player
High jumper
Body type Reason for
advantage