Download Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes

Chapter 11 Section 1
Notes
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CHAPTER
11
Byzantines, Russians,
and Turks Interact, 500–1500
Time Line
850s Byzantine culture
spreads to Russia.
1240 Kiev
destroyed
by
Mongols.
500
1500
527 Justinian
becomes
ruler of
Byzantine
Empire.
1054 Christianity splits
into Roman
Catholic and
Orthodox
branches.
1480
Ivan III ends
Mongol
control of
Russia.
I. A New Rome in a
New Setting
A. Constantine
planned
Constantinople as the
new capitol of the
New Empire
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
B. The west began to
decline while the east
began to prosper
C. Justinian : A New
Line of Caesars
1. Both empires
divided in 395
2. 527 Justinian takes
over
3. In 533 Justinian
sends out his best
general Belisarius to
reconquer the Roman
Empire
a. Able to control
from Spain, across
North Africa to the
Eastern Empire
D. The Absolute
Power of the
Emperors
1. Ruled with absolute
power
2. Ruled over the
State and Church
3. Appointed and
dismissed bishops at
will
4. Emperors were
under constant threat
of assassination
a. Of 88, 29 died
violently, while 13
abdicated the throne
(Left)
II. Building the New
Rome
A. The people of the
Byzantine Empire
thought of themselves
as part of the Roman
tradition
Byzantine Empire
B. Began to drop
Latin and spoke
Greek
C. Between 528 and
533 Justinian created
his Code of Laws
1. The Code contained
nearly 5,000 Roman
Laws
2. The Digest
summarized Rome’s
greatest law thinkers
3. The Institutes told
law students how to
use the laws
4. The Novellae were
new laws added after
534
D. Creating the
Imperial Capital
1. Justinian had an
ambitious public
building program
2. Constantinople had
a 14 mile wall around
it
Constantinople Wall
3. Church building
was a passion for him
a. Hagia Sophia (
Holy Wisdom)
E. Constantinople’s
Hectic Pace
1. Main street was
called the Mese
a. Merchants lined the
street
b. Became an
International city
2. Hippodrome
citizens could enjoy
free entertainment
a. Greek for Horse
and racecourse
b. Held 60,000
3. Nika Rebellion
Blues and Greens
a. Belisarius kills
30,000
b. Theodora ,
Justinians wife urged
him to stand
Theodora
III. Byzantium
Preserves Learning
Byzantium
A. Families valued
education
1. Sent children to
monastic or public
schools
2. Subjects included;
a. Greek
b. Latin
c. Philosophy
d. Rhetoric
e. Classical text
IV. The Empire
Confronts its Enemies
A. By 565 there were
street riots, religious
quarrels, palace
intrigues, and
threats from
foreigners
B. The Mysterious
Plague of Justinian
1. Disease that
resembled the bubonic
plague
2. By 542 10,000
people a day were
dying
3. The plague broke
out every 8 to 12
years until it died out
in 700
C. Attacks from East
and West
1. Germanic tribes
attacked from the
west
a. Avars, Slavs,
Bulgars
2. The Sassanid
Persians attacked
from the East with
help of the Muslims
a. Unsuccessful
battles against
Constantinople
1. 626, 674, 717, 860,
1043
Crusaders conquer
Constantinople in
1204
eventually causing the
Empire to fall to the
Muslims or Ottoman
Turks in 1453
V. The Church
Divides
A. Two early church
fathers
1. Saint Basil 357
wrote rules for monks
in the east
St. Basil
2. Saint John
Chrysostom became
the first Patriarch
B. The west bans the
use of icons
1. Iconoclasts
destroyed icons in the
church
2. In 843 an empress
by the name of
Theodora restored the
icons to eastern
churches
C. One Western Pope
ordered the
excommunication of a
Byzantine Emperor
D. In 1054 the Great
Schism when the
Pope and Patriarch
excommunicate each
other
E. Byzantine
Missionaries Convert
the Slavs
1. Saint Methodius
and Saint Cyril
converted the slavs
Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril
th
9
2. In the
century
the Cyrillic alphabet
was introduced and
became the alphabet
of the Russian
Russian/Cyrillic Alphabet