Download World War II Section 4

World War II
Section 4
The End of the War
Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• War Ends in Europe
• Map: The End of the War, 1944-1945
• War Ends in the Pacific
• The Postwar World
• Quick Facts: World War II Casualties
• Quick Facts: Causes and Effects of World War II
World War II
Section 4
The End of the War
Preview, continued
• Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
• Video: The Impact of World War II
World War II
Section 4
The End of the War
Main Idea
In 1945 the Allies finally triumphed over the Axis powers, but the
war left many nations in ruins.
Reading Focus
• How did the war end in Europe?
• How did the war end in the Pacific?
• What were the Allied plans for the postwar world?
World War II
Section 4
World War II and Its Aftermath
Section 5: The End of World War II
Witness History Audio: The War is Over!
The War’s Aftermath
After the war, people around the world came to realize the full extent of the Holocaust. The Allies put
many Axis leaders on trial for “crimes against humanity.” Western Allies also built new governments in
Germany and Japan that would give more power to the people.
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The Postwar World
• End of war, Europe and Asia in ruins
• Tens of millions dead; heaviest losses in Eastern Europe
• Germany, Japan, and China had also suffered greatly
– Physical devastation; cities, villages, and farms destroyed
– National economies near collapse
• Millions uprooted
– former prisoners of war, survivors of concentration camps,
refugees of fighting and of national border changes
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World War II
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Nuremberg Trials
• A series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious
Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the
prosecution of prominent members of the political,
military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi
Germany.
• The first and best known of these trials was the Trial of
the Major War Criminals before the International Military
Tribunal (IMT), which tried 22 of the most important
captured leaders of Nazi Germany
– several key architects of the war (such as Adolf Hitler, Heinrich
Himmler, and Josef Goebbels) had committed suicide before the
trials began.
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World War II
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World War II
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Planning for the Future
July 1941
• Allied leaders planned for years for the of war
• Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss even before U.S. entered war
Atlantic Charter
• Joint declaration of Churchill
and Roosevelt
• Outlined purpose of war
Tehran Conference
• December 1943
• Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
• Sought no territorial gains
• Agreed on schedule for D-Day
invasion
• All nations could choose their
own government
• Would work together in peace
after the war
• Work for mutual prosperity
World War II
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World War II
Section 4
World War II and Its Aftermath
Section 5: The End of World War II
Establishing the United Nations
The United Nations was established after the war to help keep peace among nations. The Security
Council has the power to apply sanctions or send peace-keepers to try to resolve disputes. The UN
has also worked to improve health and offer relief aid around the world.
Note Taking Transparency 175
The Alliance Breaks Apart
After the war, the Soviets wanted to determine the fate of the Eastern European lands that it occupied.
Stalin wanted communist governments installed in these countries as a protection against Germany.
The U.S. and Britain were against the idea and wanted free elections in Eastern Europe.
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Yalta Conference
• Held in Soviet territory in early 1945; Allies on brink of military victory
• Primary goal to reach agreement on postwar Europe
• Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill agreed on plans for Germany
• Stalin got his way with Polish territory, made promises
United Nations
• Roosevelt got Stalin to agree to join fight against Japan once war in
Europe over
• USSR would join new world organization—United Nations
• Meant to encourage international cooperation and prevent war
• June 1945 charter signed with five major Allies as Security Council
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World War II
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World War II
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World War II and Its Aftermath
Section 5: The End of World War II
New Conflicts Develop
President Truman outlined a policy of resisting Soviet expansion around the world, which was called
the Truman Doctrine. To help keep communism from taking hold in Western Europe, the U.S. sent
billions of dollars in aid under the Marshall Plan. The Allies moved to strengthen the West German
economy, while the Soviets dismantled much of East Germany’s industry. Tensions grew over the split
within Germany, and distrust fueled the establishment of two alliances: NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
Color Transparency 179: NATO and Warsaw Pact Member Nations
QuickTake Section Quiz
Progress Monitoring Transparency
QuickTake Chapter Test
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Potsdam Conference
July 1945
Three sides
• Small German city location for
Potsdam Conference
• Soviet Union, Britain, and
United States
• Growing ill will between Soviet
Union and other Allies
• Discussed many issues but had
difficulty reaching agreement
Closing months
• American and British leaders
worried about Stalin’s intentions
• Concerned about spread of
communism, growth of Soviet
influence
Stalin
• Soon broke his promises
• Did not respect democracies in
Eastern Europe
• Another struggle beginning
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World War II and Its Aftermath: Section 5
Color Transparency 179: NATO and Warsaw Pact Nations
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Summarize
What major decisions did Allied
leaders make at Yalta and
Potsdam?
Answer(s): At Yalta, Allied leaders agreed on what to do
with postwar Europe. Roosevelt persuaded Stalin to join
the fight against Japan and to join the United Nations. At
Potsdam, the three sides discussed many issues
concerning postwar Europe, but often had difficulty
reaching agreement.
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World War II and Its Aftermath: Section 5
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Video
The Impact of World War II
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