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German Unification Questions
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13.
Who was Kaiser Wilhelm I?
Why did he want to unify all German-speaking regions?
What political party was in control of the Parliament in Prussia?
Was this party conservative or liberal? What did either of these groups want
through unification?
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
What was his goal for Prussia?
What was Bismarck’s plan?
How did Bismarck take action?
What countries did he fight to unite Germany?
What does “Blood and Iron” mean?
What was the title given to the newly united Germany?
What type of government was set up after unification?
How does the German unification compare to the Italian one?
Kaiser Wilhelm I
1. Who was Kaiser Wilhelm I?
1861 Wilhelm I becomes
King of Prussia
2. Why did he want to unify all
German-speaking regions?
To make sure Prussia would
hold power over a united
Germany
3. What political party was in control of the Parliament in
Prussia?
Liberals –held the Parliament
4. Was this party conservative or liberal? What did either of
these groups want through unification?
Liberals –wanted economic unity for Germany
Conservatives – wanted political unity through reform of the
army/doubling the military
Kaiser Wilhelm I & THE JUNKERS
• The Liberal parliament
refused him the money for
the reforms.
• Wilhelm I appointed all
ministers and army officers
from the JUNKER CLASS
– wealthy land owning
conservative class who
were against the liberals
• All of Wilhelm’s desires for
Prussian power were
achieved with the help of
the JUNKERS!
5. Who was Otto von Bismarck?
6. What was his goal for Prussia?
7. What was Bismarck’s plan?
The “Iron
Chancellor”
Realpolitik
“Blood
&
Iron”
5.Otto von Bismarck –JUNKER prime minister
of Prussia
6. wanted to unite Germany under leadership of
Prussia
7. REALPOLITIK – “the politics of reality”
Realpolitik
The “Iron
Chancellor”
Otto von Bismarck . . . .
Realpolitik – “the politics of reality”. It
was tough power politics with no room
for the idealism of the “liberal”
parliament
8. How did Bismarck take action?
Bismarck ruled without the consent of
Parliament and without a legal budget.
HE VIOLATED THE CONSTITUTION!
He built up the army
began to provoke wars to unite German
speaking lands under Prussian
leadership.
9. What countries did he fight to unite Germany?
Denmark
Austria
France
1864 Made an alliance with Austria & goes
to war vs. Denmark – winning Schleswig &
Holstein.
1866 Provoked Austria into war and Prussia
quickly defeated them!
These actions increased respect among the
Prussians and Germans of other kingdoms
Creation of the Northern German
Confederation, 1867
Bismarck established a new
North German
Confederation which
Prussia (not Austria) could
control
Northern German Confederation
needs the SOUTHERN
GERMANS!
Goal: to get the support of the southern
Germans and completely unify Germany
1870 - He TRICKED FRANCE into
Franco-Prussian war
The French were defeated in 5 months!
Fake Dispatch [1870]: Catalyst
for War with France
Bismarck “doctored” a telegram from
Wilhelm I to the French Ambassador to
make it seem as though the Kaiser had
insulted Napoleon III.
Franco-Prussian War
[1870-1871]
German soldiers “abusing”
the French.
Franco-Prussian War
[1870-1871]
1871
Nationalistic
fever seized
people in
southern
German states
and they
accepted
Prussian
Leadership
under Kaiser
Wilhelm I
10. What does “Blood and Iron/Iron and Blood” mean?
Germany will achieve unification through WAR/BLOODSHED
11. What was the title given to the newly united
Germany?
“The Second
Reich”
(The Second
empire)
German for “Empire.”
12. What
type of
government
was set up
after
unification?
Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I
1871–1888
Kaiser Wilhelm I is the
constitutional monarch of
Germany
13. How does the German unification compare to the Italian one?
*Problems for Italy
Fierce rivalries
among different
provinces remained
Industrialized north
vs. agricultural south
Disorganized political
parties with vague
policies in parliament
Major economic
problems
*Powerful Germany
GERMANY is now in
strong competition
with GREAT BRITAIN
These two countries
are the most
powerful European
countries -militarily
and economically!
Results: Balance of Power Breaks
Down in Europe
• 5 Great Powers of 1815
were England, France,
Austria, Prussia and Russia
(established at the
Congress of Vienna)
• By 1871 – BRITAIN AND
GERMANY have changed
the BALANCE OF POWER
IN EUROPE!
Realpolitik
Otto von Bismarck
Kaiser Wilhelm I
Failed rev. leader
who wanted
democracy
Prime minister of
Piedmont
Sardinia; his plan
unified northern It.
Rev. leader of the
Red Shirts; unified
the south
King of Piedmont
Sardinia; 1st king of Italy
Mazzini
believed in
Enlightenment ideas
and democracy for
Italy
Piedmont
Sardinia
wanted to
increase
their power
by taking
the lead to
unify
Cavour
got France
to help
him unify
the north.
Garibaldi
and the
Red Shirts
planned to
unify the
south
through
warfare.
Piedmont
Sardinia
and
France
fought
against
Austria.
Garibaldi
and the
Red Shirts
fought
against
foreign
powers in
the South
(Spain)
Victor
Emmanuel
II became
the
constitutional
monarch
of united
Italy.
Italy was
weak
politically/
economically after
unification
King of Prussia
wanted
conservatives
to help him
unite Germany
Wanted
economic
unity and
a national
market for
Germany
Conservative,
Junker; Prime
Minister of
Prussia; creator
of Realpolitik
Junkers
wanted
political
unity;
reform of
the
military
Used
Realpolitik
to make
his own
budget to
double the
military to
provoke
war and
unite
Germany;
ignored
the Parliament and
violated
the constitution of
Prussia
Prussia
provoked
wars
against:
Denmark
Austria
France
Kaiser
Wilhelm I
becomes
the 1st
constitutional
monarch
of
Germany
(The 2nd
Reich);
Germany
is
powerful
after
unifying!