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Blood and Iron The Rise of Germany The Last of the Great European States Peace of Westphalia split Holy Roman Empire in 1648 Impact of Napoleon… Napoleon reconfigured old Holy Roman Empire into the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 The German Confederation 1815- at the Congress of Vienna Diet at Frankfurt regulated loose knit state members Austria dominated Prussia was feared Prussia Zollverein – economic union Strong Central government in Berlin Junkers – noble families who controlled politics and the military 1834 – created Zollverein excluded Austria Why? Conservatives come to Power – Liberal revolutions across Europe Prussian military puts down King William I names Otto Von Bismarck Prime Minister More State Control William’s Coat 1848 of Arms Bismarck Went around liberal Diet and collected taxes illegally to support his army “Blood and Iron” decide events Realpolitik – by any means necessary Prussian Goals Expand Military Reduce Austrian Power Unify Germany (except Austria and the Swiss) 1. Took Schleswig (Prussian supported) and Holstein (Austrian Supported) from the Danes Intentionally antagonistic Split allegiances of German states 3 Wars to Meet the Goals 2. Against Austria Split potential Austrian allies by: helping Russia against the Poles buying French neutrality with money buying Italy with promise of Venice 7 Weeks War - 1866 Results of the War Austria split from German control Specifically not crushed – might need her later 1867 – N. German Confederation no Austria Universal male suffrage How to Unite Germany? Southern Catholic German States feared Protestant Prussia France Feared united Germany FrancoPrussian War 3rd War for Bismarck 1868 –Spain revolts, offers Hohenzollerns the throne Ems Telegram France declares war on Prussia South joins the War, UNITED!!! GERMANY!!! Jan. 18, 1871, Germany created William becomes the Kaiser, Bismarck the chancellor Strong, centralized military-industrial state Zollverein worked to urbanize and industrialize Saar & Rhine River Valleys become industrial heartland Socialism Lasalle and the threat of Socialists to Germany German Economy Bismarck’s Response to Socialism 1878- Outlaws labor groups Appropriated their ideas to stop dissent 1883 - Sickness Insurance 1889 - Old-age Insurance Germany and Religion Bismarck hated Catholics – they believed in Rome, not Berlin Kulturkampf Catholics, the Center Party and Papal Infallibility Repression of Catholics Expulsion of Jesuits May Laws – 1873 Antagonize the Catholic Church Pius IX breaks ties Center Party gains in strength End of the Kulturkampf Socialism gaining in Germany Bismarck needs Catholic support to defeat them Pius IX dies in 1878, Bismarck (realpolitik) makes peace with Leo XIII in 1881 The End of Bismarck 1888- conservative militarist Kaiser William dies. 100 days later, liberal son Frederich III dies, too. William II now Kaiser Absolutist – doesn’t share power Bismarck resigns