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Warm-Up # 36 1. Adherents of which religion are also likely to believe in other religions simultaneously? A. Buddhism B. Hinduism C. Islam D. Christianity 2. Christianity first diffused from its hearth through A. hierarchical diffusion. B. contagious diffusion. C. relocation diffusion. D. all of the above 3. The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city A. where most blacks lived. B. inside the walls. C. where Jews where forced to live. D. inhabited by the lowest-income people. Why do Religions Have Different Distributions? • The Diffusion of Religions • The Diffusion of Universalizing Religions • Hearths – Asia based on the lives of three individuals Diffusion of Christianity • Diffusion • • Relocation Expansion • Hierarchical • Contagious • • • • • • Israel/Canaan/Palestine – relocation diffusion Missionaries - Paul’s Travels Roman Empire – Trade and the Sea Routes - Economic through trade Hierarchical Diffusion – Emperor Constantine A.D. 313 Migration and Missionary Conversion of Indigenous people • • • Africa Latin America Immigration • United States Diffusion of Islam • Muhammad’s Successors Armies • Extensive area of Africa, Asia, and Europe • Within a century • Palestine • Persian Empire • Much of India • Spain until 1492 – Western Europe • Relocation diffusion from the hearth through missionaries Diffusion of Buddhism • Slow Diffusion • Asoka – Emperor of the Magadhan Empire 273 – 232 B.C. • Council at Pataliputra – missionaries to neighboring territories • Trade Routes • Chinese very receptive – monks in 4th Century A.D. • To Korea at same time – Japan two centuries later, and stopping in India at same time Diffusion of Other Universalizing Religions • Bahá’i – Through temple construction on every continent • Punjab Region – Sikhs • British Control – 1849 • India and Pakistan – 1947 • Prefer to live in Hindudominated India • 2.5 million have moved to East Punjab Diffusion of Ethnic Religions • • • • • Limited, if any diffusion At the expense of universalizing religions May supplant ethnic religions African countries tend to stay the same Buddhist Vs. • • • • • • • • Shinto Daoism Confucianism Mauritius - Economic migration Judaism – The exception to the rule Diaspora – Greek for dispersion Ghetto’s – WWII Today – 10% vs. 90% a century ago Holy Places • Pilgrimages • Buddhism – Shrines – important events in the Buddha’s life • 8 Places • Islam – Makkah/Mecca • The Kaaba – Saudi Arabia • Madinah – Muhammad’s tomb • Ethnic Religions – Hinduism –Tirtha • Mt. Kailās – Siva • The Ganges The Calendar • Ethnic – more clustered distribution • Seasonal/annual cycle – agriculture and sacred moments • The Jewish Calendar – lunar - ethnic religion in part because its major holidays are based on agricultural events in Israel. • Rosh Hashanah – New Year • Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement • Pesach – Passover • Shavuot – Feast of Weeks • Dates gained importance in time • The Solstice – Washington D.C. The Calendar • Universalizing religions – Founders life • Islamic – also lunar but strict • Changes over the years • Bahá’I –The Báb • First day of Spring – March 21st • Christian - Julian vs. Gregorian Calendar • Important days differ – religion to religion and hemisphere to hemisphere • Buddhists – Different in India and Japan