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MA-1 The Fall of Rome in 500 A.D. creates new Era Middle Ages: Feudal Europe 800 to 1300 AD Definition of Feudalism (1) Social: System of Rigid Class Distinctions And Static, Unchanging Way of Life. (2) Political: System of Strong Local Government & Shared Protection by Military Defense. (3) Economic System of self-supporting Agriculture farm Manors owned by the King and his lords, worked by surfs. Primary Reason for the Rise of Feudalism was The FALL OF ROME. The great EFFECT of this was: 1. Weakness of the central government: Central governments could not protect their subjects from invasion local warfare & crime. 2. Land policy of Germanic Kings: Germanic rulers granted landed estates in return for pledge of Military Assistance, protection. 3. Feudal Society: As civil governments grew weaker, religious Authority grew more powerful. ELEMENTS OF FEUDAL SOCIETY 1. Rigid class distinction sharply divided feudal society into (A) King who owned All lands (B) Nobles who granted large landed estates creating a privileged aristocracy (C) Serfs: unprivileged lower class, 95% of total population. (D) Feudal Society with rigid social Pyramid. Medieval Era SOCIAL PYRAMID ****KING**** (or Queen) Lords Lords Lords Lords Lesser-Lords*Lesser-Lords*Lesser-Lords*Lesser-Lords Knights*Knights*Knights*Knights*Knights*Knights Knights Serfs*Serfs*Serfs*Serfs*Serfs*Serfs*Serfs*Serfs*Serfs (95% of population) Time Line of Early Feudalism: Charlemagne and the Kingdom of the Franks 481: Clovis becomes kings of the Franks (French) Defeats Roman, becomes a Christian. 714: Charles Martel: Becomes ruler of Frankish kingdom. 732: Charles Martel: Defeats Arab Moors at The Battle of Tours stopping the first Muslim invasion of Christian Europe thru modern France. 741: Pepin I: Rules after Martel defeats Lombard’s in central Italy “Donates” 1 and to the pope. 768: Charlemagne: becomes King of the French Franks. Becomes greatest ruler of mid Ages- 50 years. Accomplishments of Charlemagne 768-814 40 years of constant warfare in which he defeated numerous enemies including, 1. Lombard’s 2. Muslims 3. Slaves 4. Saxons Effects of Charlemagne’s Conquests 1. Increased power of Catholic Church 2. Expanded Frankish Kingdom 3. Government: Kingdom divided into provinces run by nobles-vassals reported on his noble’s loyalty-ability. 4. Education: III Establishes church schools in monasteries copied Latin manuscripts. Preserved Latin books. 814: Charlemagne dies. His kingdom is divided among his sons. Structure of Romanized Christian Church 300 AD Hierarchy: organization of R.C church top to bottom. Rome-Vatican (country) Pope- supreme leader for life. Cardinals/Princes of church. Popes advisors: Arch bishop: ruler of Arch Parish: Large distinct Church. diocese (in large city) Bishops Ruler of smaller districts Diocese: Priests run Parish local communities. Religious orders: Monastic Life: vows of poverty, chastity, obediencesilence. Men called Monks & Friars withdraw from ordinary life live in Monasteries Woman called Nuns lived in Convents Religious orders Begun during Middle Ages 1. Benedictines 2. Jesuits: Society of Jesus Educators 3. Templars and Hospitalers: Founded during Crusades combined monks with qualities of Knighthood to care for the poor and sick. 4. Franciscans ministered to the poor. 5. Dominicans ministered to the rich. Middle Ages in EUROPE Definition: Period of History (900 yrs.) from the Fall of Rome Halt & DECLINE of the progress of European Civilization, but NOT Islamic Civilization. What elements of Civilization declined In EUROPE During the Middle Ages? 1. DECLINE of trade & Industry, because of robbery, piracy, & lack of public safety. Infrastructure deterioration: roads, bridges, sanitation, waterways all fell into ruins City depopulation: movement from cities to rural areas. Barter system replaces coin usage and circulation in many places. 2. DECLINE of culture and learning. Roman schools libraries and museums were looted and destroyed. Arts & Sciences were no longer considered important. Reading & writing almost disappeared from public practice. SURVIVAL in very dangerous circumstances became ALL-important. 3. DECLINE of strong Central Government, Leaders, Administrators, and Bureaucracy. (A) Rulers had no real enforcement power because they lacked large organized and expensive Armies as the Romans did with their 27 Legions that were able to enforce law & order through FEAR of punishment. (B) The lack of trained and skilled engineers and the resulting decay of infrastructure made it virtually IMPOSSIBLE to Control or even Administrate the large expanses of Rome’s former Empire. (C) Rulers lacked an effective system of laws and regulations, therefore no orderly and non-violent system of transforming power was possible, so constant conflict and war was the direct result. 4. DECLINE of SCIENCE & UNDERSTANDING of the world in any logical or rational way. This caused a huge increase in belief in superstition, fear, and myth. Example: the believe that taking a bath makes one sick. So people NEVER bathed. 5. DECLINE of individual & public safety, security and health. This made for an EXTREAMLY dangerous environment. Life expectancy was VERY low….most people died in their early 30s or 40s. Middle Ages or Feudalism VOCABULARY: 1. Medieval: Middle Ages 2. Clergy: priests and nuns 3. Manor: large estate or farm 4. Serfs: laboror on a manor farm 5. Knight: horse-mounted Warriors who fights for a Lord or King 6. Chivalry: knightly code of conduct 7. Vassal: a person granted use of a King or Lord’s land 8. Lord: a noble of High social standing or noble birth. 9. Fief: an estate of land given by a Lord to his vassal. 10. Feudalism: social, political, & economic system of shared protection and power.