Download Lab 12 lung biopsies

1. Handling and Evaluation of lung biopsies
2. Understand methods for detection
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The lungs are part of our respiratory system
along with the trachea, bronchioles, nasal
cavity, larynx and the pharynx.
Without our respiratory system our bodies
would not be able to breathe in the oxygen we
need to live.
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The major features of the lungs include the
bronchi, the bronchioles, and the alveoli. The
alveoli are the microscopic blood vessel-lined
sacks in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged.
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Your lungs, as part of the respiratory system
work to bring oxygen into the body and exhale
waste gases such as carbon dioxide out of the
body. As this takes place your lungs expand
and decrease in size.
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The blood cells that circulate through tiny
blood vessels near the lungs pick up oxygen
and carry it around the body to the sites of
respiration.
The oxygen will soon react with glucose to
produce energy that our bodies need.
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Help in the regulation of blood pressure.
Balance the pH of blood.
Filter out small blood clot from veins.
Influence the concentration of some biologic
substances and drugs used in medicine in
blood.
Provide airflow for the creation of vocal
sounds.
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The base of your lungs rests on the diaphragm.
The diaphragm separates the lungs and heart
from the organs in your abdomen.
As the background picture shows your lungs
are enclosed within your rib cage. They are
protected by the breast bone, back bone as well
as the rib cage.
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Pulmonary allograft biopsies are an important
aspect in the care of lung transplant patients.
The biopsies are reviewed to assess for
histological findings that may reveal acute
rejection, infection, airway inflammation,
chronic rejection (bronchiolitis obliterans),
and/or vascular rejection.
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Evaluating tissue for the presence of infection
is very important as an infectious process may
occur simultaneously with rejection and be a
confounding factor in the interpretation of lung
transplant biopsies.
Additional diagnostic comments may be made
about the presence or absence of chronic
airway rejection (bronchiolitis obliterans), as
well as chronic vascular rejection.
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Lung cancer, like all cancers is a disease that
disrupts the DNA in your body’s cells. There
are many different causes that can cause lung
cancer; smoking, air pollution, and radon gas
etc.
There are two types, small cell lung cancer and
non-small cell lung cancer.
These are determined by the appearance of the
tumor cells.
There are two major types of lung cancer:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Staging lung cancer is based on whether the cancer
is local or has spread from the lungs to the lymph
nodes or other organs. Because the lungs are large,
tumors can grow in them for a long time before they
are found.
Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for about
85% of lung cancers and includes:
Adenocarcinoma, the most common form of
lung cancer in the United States among both men
and women.
Squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for
25% of all lung cancers.
Large cell carcinoma, which accounts for about
Stage I: The cancer is located only in the lungs and
has not spread to any lymph nodes.
Stage II: The cancer is in the lung and nearby
lymph nodes.
Stage III: Cancer is found in the lung and in the
lymph nodes in the middle of the chest, also
described as locally advanced disease.
Stage IV: This is the most advanced stage of lung
cancer, and is also described as advanced disease.
This is when the cancer has spread to both lungs, to
fluid in the area around the lungs, or to another part
of the body, such as the liver or other organs.
Small cell lung cancer accounts for the remaining
15% of lung cancers in the United States. They
tend to grow more quickly than NSCLC tumors.
Usually,
SCLC
is
more
chemotherapy than NSCLC.
responsive
to
Limited stage: In this stage, cancer is found on
one side of the chest, involving just one part of
the lung and nearby lymph nodes.
Extensive stage: In this stage, cancer has spread
to other regions of the chest or other parts of the
body.
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Silicosis is a respiratory disease caused by inhaling
silica dust.
Three types of silicosis exist; simple chronic,
accelerated and acute silicosis.
It can be detected by either
a chest x-ray, pulmonary
function tests purified
protein derivative or a
skin test.
The outcome varies on the
amount of damage to the
lungs.
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Asthma – is a chronic, ongoing lung disease linked to
acute flare-ups or attacks of difficulty with breathing.
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Pneumonia - is a general term for a wide variety of
conditions that cause an inflammation of the lungs.
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Bronchitis – is an inflammation of the air passages
within the lungs.
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Pulmonary fibrosis – is hardening or scarring of lung
tissue because of excess collagen.
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COPD – is a chronic, ongoing, progressive disease of
the lower respiratory tract in the lungs.
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Cystic fibrosis – is a chronic, progressive and
debilitating disease that affects the lungs, intestines,
liver, and pancreas.
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Mesothelioma – is a relatively rare cancer, that is
usually associated with asbestos.
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Tuberculosis – is a bacteria that usually causes disease
in the lung.
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Collapsed lung – is a condition where all or part of the
lung collapses or deflates due to the space between the
lung and the chest cavity becoming filled with air.
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Lung abscess – is having pus in the lung.
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Respiratory infections – is any infection that occurs to
the respiratory system.
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Don’t smoke anything.
Maintain a healthy diet.
Try to exercise regularly.
Being immunized can lower your risk of contracting a
lung condition.
Use a humidifier to help keep your home as free of
irritants and germs as possible.
Thank You For Your
Attention