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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System General Description Heart Arteries Veins 1 The Veins The blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries are called veins. Venous valves 2 venous sinuses of dura mater, diploic veins, superficial veins 3 Veins of the pulmonary circulation left atrium 4 left superior pulmonary vein left inferior pulmonary vein right superior pulmonary vein right inferior pulmonary vein Veins of the systemic circulation Veins of the head and neck Veins of the upper limb Superior vena cava and its drainage area Veins of the lower limb Inferior vena cava and its drainage area Hepatic portal vein and its tributaries 5 Superior vena cava left brachiocephalic vein; right brachiocephalic vein; azygos vein 6 left subclavian vein veins of left upper extremity left internal jugular vein right subclavian vein right internal jugular vein the veins of left side of head veins of left upper extremity the veins of right side of head The veins of esophagus, bronchi and parts of posterior wall of chest and abdomen Veins of the head and neck Superior and inferior ophthalmic vein cavernous sinus 7 angular vein pterygoid venous plexus facial vein deep facial vein internal jugular vein retromandibular vein superficial temporal veins maxillary veins pterygoid venous plexus external jugular vein anterior jugular vein jugular venous arch internal jugular vein subclavian vein angulus venosus 8 Veins of the upper limb Superficial veins cephalic vein basilic vein median cubital vein median antebrachial vein Deep veins axillary vein 9 Superior vena cava and its drainage area Brachiocephalic veins right brachiocephalic veins left brachiocephalic veins Superior vena cava azygos vein hemiazygos vein accessory hemiazygos vein 10 veins of vertebral column external vertebral venous plexus internal vertebral venous plexus veins of vertebral venous plexus 11 Veins of the lower limb Superficial veins small saphenous vein dorsal venous arch of foot great saphenous vein saphenous hiatus superficial medial femoral superficial lateral femoral, external pudendal veins superficial epigastric vein superficial iliac circumflex vein Deep veins femoral vein 12 Inferior vena cava and its drainage area external iliac vein internal iliac vein common iliac vein testicular vein pampiniform plexus ovarian vein renal veins adrenal veins hepatic veins 13 Hepatic portal vein and its tributaries hepatic portal vein splenic vein superior mesenteric vein inferior mesenteric vein left gastric vein right gastric vein prepyloric vein cystic vein paraumbilical veins periumbilical venous rete 14 superior mesenteric vein splenic vein The chief sites of communications the esophageal venous plexus at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, where the tributaries of the left gastric vein communicate with the tributaries of the esophagus veins which drain into the azygos vein hepatic portal vein left gastric vein esophageal venous plexus esophageal veins azygos vein superior vena cava 15 the rectal venous plexus at the anorectal junction, where the superior rectal veins communicate with the inferior rectal and anal veins hepatic portal vein inferior mesenteric vein superior rectal vein rectal venous plexus inferior rectal veins internal iliac vein common iliac vein inferior vena cava 16 the periumbilical venous rete around the umbilicus, where the paraumbilical veins connect the hepatic portal vein with the veins of the anterior abdominal wall by four epigastric routes to superior and inferior vena caval systems hepatic portal vein paraumbilical veins periumbilical venous rete thoracoepigastric veins axillary vein superficial epigastric vein great saphenous vein subclavian vein femoral vein brachiocephalic vein internal iliac vein superior vena cava 17 common iliac vein inferior vena cava