Download Study Guide For Egypt - Boone County Schools

Study Guide For Egypt Test
1. Who was the Great Pyramid built for? King Khufu
2. What was the capstone covered in? gold
3. Facts about the Great Pyramid.
*281’ tall
*40 stories tall
*blocks are 2-15 tons each
*2,3000,000 blocks
*755’ on each side *no more than 7” off on each side
* Each side represents a cardinal direction *could not slide a piece of paper between the blocks
* 13 acre base
***Only one of the ancient wonders of the world still standing***
4. Who was the Step Pyramid built for? King Djoser/Zoser
5. Who was on the face of the Sphinx? King Khafre
6. Who was the bent pyramid built for? Snefru
7. Who united Egypt in 3200 BCE? King Narmer
8. Who was known at the Boy King because he became pharaoh at age 9? King Tut
9. Who found King Tut’s tomb in tact? When? Howard Carter in 1922
10. What is it about the Great Pyramid that makes it so amazing today?
Only one of the ancient wonders of the world still standing
11. Who is King Tut’s mother-in law? Nerfertiti
12. When a king is alive on earth, he is ____Horus___ , the son of __Ra__. When
He dies he becomes _____Osiris___.
13. Draw the three crowns and identify which part of Egypt each represent and what color
they are.
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
Unified Egypt
14. Who was the first successful woman pharaoh? Hatshepsut
15. What queen is most known for her artist bust of her? Nefertiti
16. What queen helped relations with Rome after marrying two men from there? Cleopatra
17. How long does the process of mummification take? 40-70 days
18. What 4 organs do they remove to mummify? lungs, liver, intestines, stomach
19. What organ is left in the body? heart
20. What part of the body was taken out and thrown away? brain
21. What do the 4 tops of the canopic jars represent? 4 sons of Horus
22. Which organ is in which jar? (tell what top of the jar has which organ)
Falcon head
Intestines
Jackal head
stomach
Baboon head
lungs
Human head
liver
23. What is the body covered in so that it may dry out the body? natron (called the divine salt)
24. What was Egypt known as? The gift of the Nile
25. What was the annual flooding of the river valley called? Inundation
26. What was left behind after the flooding and how did it help the Egyptians?
A black silt was left behind and it made the land fertile for growing crops.
27. What were some natural protective barriers that surrounded Ancient Egypt?
deserts, rivers, a few mountains
28. What was the most important archaeological find that allowed us to decipher the
Egyptian language? Who’s army found it? Rosetta Stone, Napoleon’s Army
29. What was the Egyptian language called? Hieroglyphics
30. Who were the record keepers/writers that attended school? Scribes
31. How long was the week during Ancient Egyptian times? 10 days
32. What did they do to their calendar that made it more like ours today?
Added 5 days to make it 365 days
33. What did Egyptians use to help with pain? herbs
34. Who is Ma’at? How is she shown? Goddess of peace, harmony, truth, & justice – she is
shown with one long ostrich feather in her hair.
35. What is the concept of “ma’at” that the Egyptians wanted to maintain?
the idea of maintaining peace & harmony
36. What are the six essences of the body?
ka, ba, name, shadow, aka, physical
37. What was the purpose of the weighing of the heart ceremony? Who was in charge of
the ceremony?
Anubis was in charge of the ceremony. He would weigh the heart of the dead on a scale
against the magic feather of Ma’at. If the person lived a good life, had good memories and
was sin free, their heart would weigh less than the feather and they would go on to the
afterlife. If they had sinned, had too many bad memories, or did not live a good life, the
Devourer would eat the heart and the person would not be allowed to go on to the afterlife.
Identify the following Gods and Goddesses:
38. Osiris – God of the Underworld, God of the Dead
39. Isis – wife/sister of Osiris
40. Seth (Set) - God of Evil, Chaos, & Darkness, brother of Osiris/Isis and he killed Osiris
41. Anubis – God of Mummification
42. Horus – Son of Osiris & Isis, falcon head
43. Thoth - God of Wisdom and Writing
44. Re/Ra – God of the Sun
45. Amun Ra – Chief God
46. Sobek – God of the Nile, crocodile head
47. Hapi – also considered God of the Nile but the Nile Delta – thought to bring silt to the delta
48. The story of Osiris. This will be on your test.
Osiris was king and was married to his sister Isis. Osiris’s brother Seth (Set) was very
jealous of him and wanted to be pharaoh. He tricked Osiris by having a festival and
with a contest to see who could fit into a beautiful trunk he had made. In order to win
the person would have to fit into the trunk. Seth had the trunk made specifically to fit
Osiris. When Osiris got into the trunk, Seth slammed the lid shut and had it sealed. He
had it thrown into the Nile River for him to die. Isis was very upset and set out in search
of the trunk. She found it stuck in some tree roots. When Seth heard of this, he found the
box himself, cut Osiris up into 14 pieces and threw his body in different parts of the Nile.
Isis enlisted the help of Anubis and they were able to find his body parts. With her magic
and Anubis’s powers of mummification, they were able to put him back together. Osiris
could no longer be alive on earth, so he became King of the Underworld. Isis and Osiris’s
son, Horus, went to seek revenge for his father’s death. Seth tore out Horus’s eye and it
was mended by Thoth. Eventually Horus beat Seth. Now when a king is alive on earth he is
considered Horus, son of Ra, and when he dies he becomes Osiris. The “eye of Horus”
became known as a symbol of protection.
Define the following:
48. shadoof: a long pole with a weighted end & a bucket on the other to lift water out of the
river
49. embalming: process to preserve dead bodies
50. hieroglyphics: picture writing of Ancient Egypt
51. papyrus: plant used to make paper & boats
52. canopic jars: held the removed mummified organs of the pharoah
53. inundation: annual flooding of the Nile River
54. sarcophagus: coffin or tomb
55. cataracts: steep rapids formed by cliffs & boulders
56. ka: body double
57. ba: soul or spirit – can transform into many things, usually a bird
58. mastabas: large rectangular tombs for the King’s family and nobles
59. natron: divine salt used to dry out the body
60. mummification: process of restoring dead bodies
61. Name 4 items the Ancient Egyptians ate.
bread, fish, fruit, onions, beans, beer, wine
** also see next question **
62. Name 4 crops they grew.
onions, barley, beans, wheat, sesame, radishes, lettuce, chick peas, lemons, grapes, corn,
pomegranate
63. What was the meat not eaten during Ancient Egyptian times? Pork
64. What was the most common drink? beer
65. What was the most common piece of furniture? 3 legged stool
66. What was the most popular game played in Ancient Egypt? Senet
67. What were some instruments played in Ancient Egypt? Lyre, flute, lute, obo, trumpet, harp
drums, rattles, tambourines
68. What were jobs that the people of Ancient Egypt did? Men - carpenters, sculptors,
shepherds, painters, potters, farmers, fishermen Women - dancers, acrobats, musicians,
cleaning, cooking
69. What were things that both men and women wore? Wigs, makeup like eyeliner, jewelry
70. Why did Ancient Egyptians believe social classes were a good idea during their time?
They believed that if everyone knew their role or job in society, it would run smoother or
function better.
71. What was the main economic resource for Ancient Egypt? Farming
72. What were the three seasons of Ancient Egypt?
Flooding – Jun-Oct
Growing – Oct-Feb
Harvesting – March-May
73. How long was the Nile River? 4,000 miles
74. Give 3-4 ways in which the Nile River influenced the Ancient Egyptians and explain
how.
Transportation – trade or travel & seeing other cultures
Food – fishing, irrigating crops, trading for food
Irrigation – crops
75. Who became the trading center and traded with both Egypt and Central Africa?
Kush
76. Explain why they became the trading center and how it affected their people.
They traded with more than one place & were in a central area. They became rich
and learned many new cultures from the places they traded with.
77. Egypt and Kush fought as well as had times of peace. How do we know they were at
peace with each other sometimes?
Because there is evidence they traded with each other.
78. What happened when Kush conquered the New Kingdom?
Egypt and Kush became one kingdom
79. How did Egypt obtain items they could not grow or make themselves? trade
80. The process of mummification (know the steps)
1. wash the body in wine
2. break the nose and pull out the brain with a hook
3. take out the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines
4. put organs and body in natron salt to dry out
5. wash the body with palm oil or other ointments to soften
6. wrap organs and body in linen and insert jewels or other good luck charms (amulets
and put organs into the canopic jars
7. paint mask on mummy
8. put tar or gum on linen to seal
9. put body in sarcophagus and paint sarcophagus
81. What was the reason for the shape of the Bent pyramid?
Technology increased for the Ancient Egyptians over time. As the Bent pyramid was
being built, they realized they had made a mathematical error in their calculations and
had to adjust it. When they made the adjustment, it caused the top part of the pyramid to
look as if it was “bent.”
82. How was the Ancient Egyptian social pyramid structured?
******* Can use the questions for a study guide too ********
Questions for the test will be a come from a combination of this study guide
(mostly) and the presentation question sheet and activities from your IN.