Download Class Insecta: Order Hemiptera

Class Insecta: Order Hemiptera
‘True Bugs’
Features
• Sucking mouthparts, simple metamorphosis
• Forewings of most species divided into leathery and
membranous halves (‘Hemi’=half; ‘-ptera’=wing)
• Wings held flat over the body at rest.
• Some species aquatic; others terrestrial. Some groups
are plant feeders exclusively, some are omnivorous and
others are predaceous. Some also blood feeders.
Water Boatman
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: cals. ncsu.edu
All stages aquatic. Forelegs very short, scoop-like. Middle legs very slender; hind legs broad, flat,
oar-like. Swims right side up. Eats algae; does not bite. Common in ponds, stock tanks. Adults fly.
Backswimmer
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU
All stages aquatic in ponds, stock tanks, puddles. First legs lack scoop-like tarsi; hind legs often
With dense bristles, used oar-like, longer than 2nd legs. Swim upside down. Predators in all
stages. Will bite. Adults can fly.
Water Strider
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: David Cappaert, MI State Univ, bugwood.org
Flattened body with widely spread legs; dark brown & white. Middle & hind legs easily seen;
Forelegs relatively short, tucked under body. Predators, scavengers on water surface.
Plant- or Leaf-bug
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Lygus bug.
Cotton fleahopper.
Photo: Ettore Balocchi, En. Wikipedia.org
Photo: James Smith, Mississippi State University, Bugwood.org
Most <10mm long. No ocelli. 4-segmented beak. Color variable; some brightly colored. Soft
Bodies. Some brightly colored. Nearly all plant feeders (some serious pests); a few predatory.
Some jump (fleahoppers).
Ambush Bug
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Body stout; abdomen angled, often wider toward rear. See ‘flanges’ on upper sides of
Thorax and abdomen. Forelegs enlarged, stout, raptorial. Antennae 4-segmented, slightly
Clubbed. Often yellow with green or brown on wings, thorax & abdomen. Abt. ½” long.
Assassin Bug
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: Univ. Florida, Entomology
Triatoma sp., kissing bug (blood feeder,
Zelus sp., common beneficial (predator)
can be disease transmitter to animals, humans)
Body somewhat oval to very elongated. Beak 3-segmented, stout, curved, fitting into groove
anterior to 1st legs. Antennae 4-segmented. Front legs somewhat raptorial. Bite. Many
beneficial.
Damsel Bug
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Both Photos: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Similar to assassin bugs, but usually smaller (<11mm). Beak 4-segmented; antennae 4-5
segmented. Ocelli present. 1st legs slightly raptorial. Winged or wingless. Membrane of
forewings usually with numerous small cells around margins. Predatory, beneficial, usually
do not bite.
Seed Bugs
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Univ CA Archive, Univ CA, Bugwood.org
False chinch bug
Bradley Higbee, Paramount Farming, Bugwood.org
Big-Eyed Bug
Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Milkweed Bug
Ocelli present. Antennae & beak 4-segmented.
Tarsi 3-segmented with pad at base of claws.
Front femora sometimes thickened in predatory
species. Membrane of forewing with 4-5 veins.
Some brightly colored. Most <10mm long. Plant
feeders usually attack seeds; big-eyed bugs are
predators (rarely bite).
Leaf-footed Plant Bug
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Leptoglossus clypealis. Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Most medium to large-sized bugs (<18mm) with somewhat elongated, dark-colored bodies.
Head narrower & shorter than pronotum. Hind tibiae of some species broad, flattened, leaf-like.
Membrane of forewing with numerous veins. Squash bug & leaf-footed plant bug are plant
pests. Majority of species are plant feeders; a few are predators.
Stink Bug
Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Both Photos: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Broadly oval/shield-shaped, flattened bodies. Scutellum large, triangular. Smallest are abt. ¼”
Long, many abt. ½” long. Color variable: brown or green common; black, orange, tan, metallic
dark blue or gray possible on other species. Some plant feeders & crop pests. Others predatory.
Nymphs & adults release acrid odor when injured or roughly handled. Some spp. invasive.
Class Insecta: Order Homoptera
Aphids, ‘Hoppers’, Scale Insects
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•
•
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Sucking mouthparts, feed on plants (sap)
Metamorphosis simple
Highly variable in size---few mm long to 2”+
Adults of many species winged; others are
wingless
• Some scale insects are immobile & don’t even
have the basic features of adult insects (3
body parts, jointed legs, compound eyes,
antennae, etc.)
Cicada
Class Insecta, Order Homoptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Both Photos: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Large insects, to 50mm long. 2 pairs membranous wings, each with many veins. Strong, noisy
fliers. 3 ocelli; do not jump. Male with sound-producing organs on venter of abdomen; makes
loud chirring songs during the day. Females lack sound-producing organs. Ovipositor saber-like;
eggs laid in soft wood of yucca stalks, twigs on some trees. Durations of life cycles for NM
species not known. ‘17 year locust or cicada’ from the Eastern US or Midwest spends 17 years
underground. Nymphs harmlessly feed on root sap of various plants. Adults short-lived.
Treehopper
Class Insecta, Order Homoptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Three-cornered alfalfa hopper.
Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org
Small, hump-backed jumping insects, usually <10mm long. Pronotum expanded, often projecting
backward over abdomen. May have spines or sharp corners on green or brown body. Hind tibiae
lacking comb-like row of short spines. Plant feeders.
Leafhopper
Class Insecta, Order Homoptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Reyes Garcia III, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: G. Oldfield, USDA, Bugwood.org
Usually <10mm long. Bodies cigar- or wedge-shaped with comb-like row of short
spines on hind tibiae. Coloration highly variable by species.
Planthopper
Class Insecta, Order Homoptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU
Photo: Jim Occi, BugPics, Bugwood.org
Similar to treehoppers but antennae are
attached to sides of head beneath eyes. Hind
tibiae lack rows of comb-like spines. Usually
<13mm. On some species, wings bulge near
middle of body & a few have projections on
their heads.
Photo: Charles Olson, USDA-ARS, Bugwood.org
Aphid
Class Insecta, Order Homoptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: Herbert A. 'Joe' Pase III, Texas Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Soft-bodied, usually pear-shaped, often <4-8mm long.
Many species have paired tube-like projections (cornicles)
on the end of the abdomen. Adults winged or wingless.
Wings have very few veins in them.
Photo: Louis Tedders, USDA-ARS,
Bugwood.org
Scale Insect
Class Insecta, Order Homoptera
• Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Sucking
Photo: ER Day, VA Polytech. Inst. & SU, Bugwood.org
Photo: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mtn Reg Archive,
USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Most species don’t look like insects at all unless recently hatched nymphs are found.
Bodies of older nymphs and adults covered with non-living ‘scales’ which many be
either soft or ‘hard’, waxy or solid. Adult females wingless and usually (not always)
legless. Adult males usually with 2 wings; most are nearly microscopic.
When collecting scales, collect the scale and plant part to which it is attached; dry this
& mount on piece of card-stock or pin(s) inserted through plant part. Adult male scales
usually slide mounted.
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