Download 100 Common Arthropods Part 3 Thysanura through

COMMON CLASSES & ORDERS OF
ARTHROPODA: CLASS INSECTA
(The Rest of the Arthropods in This Manual)
•This is by far the largest class of arthropods – estimated
750,000-1 million+ species worldwide
• 3 body parts: head (with compound eyes & antennae),
thorax & abdomen
•3 pairs of legs, variously modified
•Adults wingless or with 1 pair or 2 pairs of wings
•Found in nearly every terrestrial habitat; also, some in/on
fresh water
•Metamorphosis varies by the insect order from ‘none’ to
‘simple’ to ‘complete’
•Mouthparts may be chewing, sucking or modifications of
these.
Class Insecta, (As Adults*, That Is)
• There are 18 Orders of
insects in Your List
• *The Arthropod ID Quiz
will ONLY feature ADULT
arthropods.
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Class Insecta
• Pay attention to the insect’s ‘antennae’ which can
be useful for identification. They can vary by order
& sometimes within an Order
CAPITATE
Diagram: bugguide.net
Class Insecta: Order Thysanura
Silverfish
Features:
• Body flattened, carrot-shaped, covered in fine
scales; about 10mm long
• Always wingless
• With 3 filamentous ‘tails’ on end of abdomen
• FYI: Food includes almost anything starchy.
Commonly collected in sinks & bath tubs (can’t
climb out again). Pests of books, papers, some
fabrics, fabric finishes, etc.
Silverfish
Class Insecta: Order Thysanura
•Metamorphosis: None
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: Univ. Minnesota Extension
Class Insecta: Order Odonata
Dragonflies & Damselflies
Features:
• With 2 pairs of long, many-veined wings. Antennae very short, bristle-like.
Dragonfly Life Cycle
Damselfly Life Cycle
Both: kidfish.bc.ca
• FYI: Predators as adults & immatures (variously called nymphs or naiads). Nymphs
aquatic in ponds, lake margins, gently flowing water, etc.
Dragonfly
Class Insecta: Order Odonata
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
All Photos: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Damselfly
Class Insecta: Order Odonata
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
All Photos:
D.B. Richman, NMSU
Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera
Short- and Long-horned
Grasshoppers, Various Crickets
Features:
• Members fairly uniform in appearance; most with
hind legs modified for jumping
• Many species with leathery forewings &
membranous hind wings; some short-winged or
wingless
• FYI: many species are plant feeders, some (e.g. some
katydids) are predators
Short-horned Grasshopper
Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
All Photos: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Long-horned Grasshopper
Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
FYI: Many of these insects are called ‘katydids; some species predaceous.
Cricket
Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Camel Cricket
Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera
•
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
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Photo: W Cranshaw, CO State Univ, bugwood.org
Photo: David Cappaert, MI State Univ, bugwood.org
Jerusalem Cricket
Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
FYI: aka ‘Child of the Earth’ or ‘El Nino de la Tierra.’ NOT venomous.
Class Insecta: Order Mantodea
Mantids
Features:
• Order very uniform in appearance; large--often >1” long; adults often with short wings,
some species wingless.
• 1st legs modified for grasping; 1st segment of
thorax elongated, necklike, mobile
• Head triangular, bulbous eyes
• FYI: nymphs & adults predaceous
Mantid
Class Insecta: Order Mantodea
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Class Insecta: Order Phasmatodea
Walkingsticks
Features:
• Order uniform in appearance. All North
American species stick- or twig-like, most lack
wings as adults.
• FYI: NM species plant feeders; mainly in
creosote or mesquite. Rarely pests
Walkingstick
Class Insecta: Order Phasmatodea
• Order Phasmatodea – Walkingstick
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Class Insecta: Order Blattodea
Cockroaches
Features:
• Bodies usually flattened, spiny legs; heads not visible from
above. Some species fully winged, but others have short or
no wings; ½”-2” long
• FYI: Most common species are imported pests. Invade
homes, businesses, warehouses. Can contaminate food,
stain dishes, utensils, cloth, etc. General feeders. Smell bad.
American Cockroach
Class Insecta: Order Blattodea
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Adult body abt. 1 ¼” long; longer if wings are included. Both sexes of adults winged.
Collar-like prothorax yellowish with 2 reddish-brown patches. Pest in larger buildings,
warehouses, etc.
German Cockroach
Class Insecta: Order Blattodea
Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: Univ. Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. Entomology
Bodies abt. ½” long. Collar-like prothorax with 2 black stripes. Females often
carry egg cases. Adults may appear silvery-brown or silvery-tan. Household pests.
Oriental Cockroach
Class Insecta: Order Blattodea
• Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: Univ. Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. Entomology
Adults intermediate in size between German & American cockroaches. Body broadly
oval, flattened, dark brown to black. Females with very short wings. Wings of males
shorter than abdomens. Commonly associated with garbage, filth, decomposition, damp,
musty areas (sewers, under manhole covers, compost pits, rockwalls, etc.)
Class Insecta: Order Isoptera
Termites
Features:
• Broad connection between thorax & abdomen; filamentous
antennae with bead-like segments
• Colony makers with 3 castes: Workers & soldiers off-white;
soldiers with brown-black enlarged heads, larger mandibles
• Winged forms with forewings & hind wings nearly equal in
length, numerous veins
Photos: Left-USDA-ARS; Center-USDA-FS;
Right-GJLenhard, LSU; all, bugwood.org
• FYI: Tunnel in and consume cellulose. Usually symbiotic
microorganisms in gut digest cellulose. Some species are
serious structural pests while others help recycle dead
wood, animal waste, weeds, etc. Usually < 5mm long.
Termites
Class Insecta: Order Isoptera
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
A) Wingless soldiers
B) Wingless workers
C) Winged reproductive termites
A)
A)
Photo: USDA-ARS, bugwood.org
B)
C)
B)
C)
Photo: USDA-ARS, bugwood.org
Photo: GJLenhard, LSU, bugwood.org
Class Insecta: Order Dermaptera
Earwigs
Features:
• Flattened, elongated insects with paired ‘forceps’
at end of abdomen
• Forewings leathery, very short, cover larger,
membranous hind wings
• FYI: nocturnal; hide under things by day. Plant
feeders mostly; some predatory. Females guard
their eggs in ‘nests’ in the soil
Earwigs
Class Insecta: Order Dermaptera
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Mouthparts: Chewing
Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU
Class Insecta: Order Anoplura
Sucking Louse (Lice, pl.)
Features:
• Mouthparts withdrawn into head when not in
use; blood feeders on man & animals
• Bodies flattened, wingless, < 4mm long.
• Tarsal claws enlarged, adapted to cling to bird
or mammal (including human) host
Sucking Louse (Lice, Pl.)
Class Insecta: Order Anoplura
•Metamorphosis: Simple
Cattle tail louse.
Mouthparts: Sucking
Human head louse
Both photos:
MC Pereira, ICB,
Univ Sao Paulo, Brazil
Next……
• The ‘True Bugs’---Hemiptera, Homoptera
Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU