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COMMON CLASSES & ORDERS OF ARTHROPODA: CLASS INSECTA (The Rest of the Arthropods in This Manual) •This is by far the largest class of arthropods – estimated 750,000-1 million+ species worldwide • 3 body parts: head (with compound eyes & antennae), thorax & abdomen •3 pairs of legs, variously modified •Adults wingless or with 1 pair or 2 pairs of wings •Found in nearly every terrestrial habitat; also, some in/on fresh water •Metamorphosis varies by the insect order from ‘none’ to ‘simple’ to ‘complete’ •Mouthparts may be chewing, sucking or modifications of these. Class Insecta, (As Adults*, That Is) • There are 18 Orders of insects in Your List • *The Arthropod ID Quiz will ONLY feature ADULT arthropods. Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Class Insecta • Pay attention to the insect’s ‘antennae’ which can be useful for identification. They can vary by order & sometimes within an Order CAPITATE Diagram: bugguide.net Class Insecta: Order Thysanura Silverfish Features: • Body flattened, carrot-shaped, covered in fine scales; about 10mm long • Always wingless • With 3 filamentous ‘tails’ on end of abdomen • FYI: Food includes almost anything starchy. Commonly collected in sinks & bath tubs (can’t climb out again). Pests of books, papers, some fabrics, fabric finishes, etc. Silverfish Class Insecta: Order Thysanura •Metamorphosis: None Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: Univ. Minnesota Extension Class Insecta: Order Odonata Dragonflies & Damselflies Features: • With 2 pairs of long, many-veined wings. Antennae very short, bristle-like. Dragonfly Life Cycle Damselfly Life Cycle Both: kidfish.bc.ca • FYI: Predators as adults & immatures (variously called nymphs or naiads). Nymphs aquatic in ponds, lake margins, gently flowing water, etc. Dragonfly Class Insecta: Order Odonata •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing All Photos: D.B. Richman, NMSU Damselfly Class Insecta: Order Odonata •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing All Photos: D.B. Richman, NMSU Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera Short- and Long-horned Grasshoppers, Various Crickets Features: • Members fairly uniform in appearance; most with hind legs modified for jumping • Many species with leathery forewings & membranous hind wings; some short-winged or wingless • FYI: many species are plant feeders, some (e.g. some katydids) are predators Short-horned Grasshopper Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing All Photos: D.B. Richman, NMSU Long-horned Grasshopper Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU FYI: Many of these insects are called ‘katydids; some species predaceous. Cricket Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Camel Cricket Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera • • Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Uga5369804 Photo: W Cranshaw, CO State Univ, bugwood.org Photo: David Cappaert, MI State Univ, bugwood.org Jerusalem Cricket Class Insecta: Order Orthoptera •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU FYI: aka ‘Child of the Earth’ or ‘El Nino de la Tierra.’ NOT venomous. Class Insecta: Order Mantodea Mantids Features: • Order very uniform in appearance; large--often >1” long; adults often with short wings, some species wingless. • 1st legs modified for grasping; 1st segment of thorax elongated, necklike, mobile • Head triangular, bulbous eyes • FYI: nymphs & adults predaceous Mantid Class Insecta: Order Mantodea •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Class Insecta: Order Phasmatodea Walkingsticks Features: • Order uniform in appearance. All North American species stick- or twig-like, most lack wings as adults. • FYI: NM species plant feeders; mainly in creosote or mesquite. Rarely pests Walkingstick Class Insecta: Order Phasmatodea • Order Phasmatodea – Walkingstick •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Class Insecta: Order Blattodea Cockroaches Features: • Bodies usually flattened, spiny legs; heads not visible from above. Some species fully winged, but others have short or no wings; ½”-2” long • FYI: Most common species are imported pests. Invade homes, businesses, warehouses. Can contaminate food, stain dishes, utensils, cloth, etc. General feeders. Smell bad. American Cockroach Class Insecta: Order Blattodea •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Adult body abt. 1 ¼” long; longer if wings are included. Both sexes of adults winged. Collar-like prothorax yellowish with 2 reddish-brown patches. Pest in larger buildings, warehouses, etc. German Cockroach Class Insecta: Order Blattodea Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: Univ. Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. Entomology Bodies abt. ½” long. Collar-like prothorax with 2 black stripes. Females often carry egg cases. Adults may appear silvery-brown or silvery-tan. Household pests. Oriental Cockroach Class Insecta: Order Blattodea • Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: Univ. Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. Entomology Adults intermediate in size between German & American cockroaches. Body broadly oval, flattened, dark brown to black. Females with very short wings. Wings of males shorter than abdomens. Commonly associated with garbage, filth, decomposition, damp, musty areas (sewers, under manhole covers, compost pits, rockwalls, etc.) Class Insecta: Order Isoptera Termites Features: • Broad connection between thorax & abdomen; filamentous antennae with bead-like segments • Colony makers with 3 castes: Workers & soldiers off-white; soldiers with brown-black enlarged heads, larger mandibles • Winged forms with forewings & hind wings nearly equal in length, numerous veins Photos: Left-USDA-ARS; Center-USDA-FS; Right-GJLenhard, LSU; all, bugwood.org • FYI: Tunnel in and consume cellulose. Usually symbiotic microorganisms in gut digest cellulose. Some species are serious structural pests while others help recycle dead wood, animal waste, weeds, etc. Usually < 5mm long. Termites Class Insecta: Order Isoptera •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing A) Wingless soldiers B) Wingless workers C) Winged reproductive termites A) A) Photo: USDA-ARS, bugwood.org B) C) B) C) Photo: USDA-ARS, bugwood.org Photo: GJLenhard, LSU, bugwood.org Class Insecta: Order Dermaptera Earwigs Features: • Flattened, elongated insects with paired ‘forceps’ at end of abdomen • Forewings leathery, very short, cover larger, membranous hind wings • FYI: nocturnal; hide under things by day. Plant feeders mostly; some predatory. Females guard their eggs in ‘nests’ in the soil Earwigs Class Insecta: Order Dermaptera •Metamorphosis: Simple Mouthparts: Chewing Photo: D.B. Richman, NMSU Class Insecta: Order Anoplura Sucking Louse (Lice, pl.) Features: • Mouthparts withdrawn into head when not in use; blood feeders on man & animals • Bodies flattened, wingless, < 4mm long. • Tarsal claws enlarged, adapted to cling to bird or mammal (including human) host Sucking Louse (Lice, Pl.) Class Insecta: Order Anoplura •Metamorphosis: Simple Cattle tail louse. Mouthparts: Sucking Human head louse Both photos: MC Pereira, ICB, Univ Sao Paulo, Brazil Next…… • The ‘True Bugs’---Hemiptera, Homoptera Photo: D. B. Richman, NMSU