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GROWTH OF NATION
STATES
(MEDIEVAL SOCIETY)
How did this
invention lead to
the growth of
Nation States?
I. GROWING FOOD
SUPPLY
A. USING HORSEPOWER
1. BENEFIT OF HORSE
a) COULD PLOW MUCH FASTER
2. COLLAR HARNESS EFFECTS
a) ALLOWED HORSE TO PULL
PLOW
b) EUROPE WAS DEFORESTED
c) INCREASED FOOD SUPPLY
B. THREE FIELD
SYSTEM
1. IMPROVEMENT
a) DIVIDED LAND INTO
1/3’S
b) MORE LAND UNDER
CULTIVATION
…THREE FIELD SYSTEM
2. EFFECT
a) INCREASED FOOD
b) INCREASED POPULATION
c) BETTER HEALTH
II. THE GUILDS
A. GUILD - GROUP OF PEOPLE
IN THE SAME BUSINESS
1. MERCHANT GUILD
a) 1ST GUILD, USED TO
CONTROL TRADE
…GUILD
2. CRAFT GUILD
a) WHEEL WRIGHTS,
WINEMAKERS, TAILORS,
DRUGGISTS
b) SET STANDARDS FOR
QUALITY, WAGES, & WORKING
CONDITIONS
…GUILDS
3. EFFECTS OF GUILDS
a) INCREASED LONG DISTANCE
TRADE
b) CREATED BETTER PRODUCTS
c) INFLUENCED GOVERNMENT &
ECONOMY
III. COMMERCIAL
REVOLUTION
A. ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
THE CRUSADES
1. INCREASED DEMANDS
FOR MIDDLE EASTERN
GOODS
...CRUSADES
2. INCREASED PRODUCTION
OF EUROPEAN GOODS
FOR TRADE
3. ENCOURAGED USE OF
CREDIT AND BANKING
B. FAIRS AND TRADE
1. WHO AND WHERE –
PEASANTS TRAVELED TO
TOWNS
2. WHAT – CLOTH, BACON,
SALT, HONEY, CHEESE,
...FAIRS & TRADE
3. EFFECT – PRODUCTION IS
NO LONGER ON THE
MANOR
C. BUSINESS &
BANKING
1. BORROWING MONEY
a) MERCHANTS - NEEDED
MONEY TO PURCHASE
GOODS
b) LETTERS OF CREDIT
MADE TRADING EASIER
...BANKING
c) USURY – LENDING MONEY
AT INTEREST – SIN
ACCORDING TO THE
CHURCH
2. EFFECTS
a) CHURCH OPPOSITION TO
USURY HELPED SECULARIZE
EUROPE
b) USE OF ARABIC NUMBERS
INTRODUCED WITH NEW
BOOKKEEPING PRACTICES
(“0” FROM INDIA)
D. URBAN LIFE
1. INTRODUCTION
a) POPULATION – FROM
30-42 MILLION
b) TOWN SIZE – 1500 2500
2. TRADE & TOWNS
a) NARROW STREETS
b) WASTE DUMPED INTO
STREETS
c) PEOPLE DID NOT BATH
d) HOUSES – WOOD WITH
THATCH ROOFS, CONSTANT
FIRE HAZARD
3. EFFECTS OF TOWN
GROWTH ON FEUDALISM
a) TOWNS ATTRACTED
PEASANTS FROM THE
MANOR
b) SERFS LEFT MANORS TO
LIVE IN TOWNS
E. MERCHANT CLASS &
SOCIAL ORDER
1. TOWNS AND MEDIEVAL
FEUDALISM
a) TRADE PEOPLE DID NOT
FIT IN MEDIEVAL
STRUCTURE
b) TOWNS WERE UNDER
FEUDAL CONTROL
…SOCIAL ORDER
2. BURGHERS DEMANDS
a) FREEDOM FROM TOLLS
b) RIGHT TO GOVERN
THEMSELVES
IV. REVIVAL OF
LEARNING
11th century
Muslim
Astrolabe
(Star
Navigation)
A. MUSLIM
CONNECTION
1. REVIVAL EFFECTS
(CRUSADES)
a) SCHOLARS TRANSLATED
GREEK WORKS INTO LATIN
b) INCREASED TRADE FROM
CRUSADES LED TO STUDY IN
MUSLIM WORLD
...REVIVAL
c) EUROPEANS ACQUIRED
NEW KNOWLEDGE
d) NEW TECHNOLOGY FROM
MUSLIMS – SHIPS,
NAVIGATION, WEAPONS
…REVIVAL OF
LEARNING
B. UNIVERSITIES
1. GROUPS OF SCHOLARS
WHO MET WHEREVER
THEY COULD
...UNIVERSITIES
2. SONS OF WELL TO DO
TOWNS PEOPLE
3. STUDY FOR 5-7 YEARS
FOR BACHELORS FOR JOB
IN GOVERNMENT OR
CHURCH
…REVIVAL OF
LEARNING
4. VERNACULAR
a) EVERYDAY LANGUAGE OF
HOMELAND
b) EFFECT – BROUGHT
LITERATURE TO MANY PEOPLE
5. SHIFT IN LANGUAGE FROM
LATIN TO VERNACULAR
C. AQUINAS & MEDIEVAL
PHILOSOPHY
1. THOMAS AQUINAS
a) RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR WHO
WROTE “SUMMA THEOLOGICA”
b) ARGUED THAT RELIGIOUS
TRUTH COULD BE PROVEN BY
LOGICAL REASONING
(ARISTOTLE)
…AQUINAS
2. EFFECT
a) SCHOLASTICS –
SCHOOLMEN VERSED IN
THE CLASSICS
b) TEACHINGS INFLUENCED
DEVELOPMENT OF
EUROPEAN LAW & GOV’T.
…AQUINAS
c) ENGLAND & FRANCE BEGAN
TO DEVELOP DEMOCRATIC
INSTITUTIONS &
TRADITIONS
IV. ENGLAND ABSORBS
INVADERS
A. EARLY INVASIONS
1. ANGLES
2. SAXONS
3. VIKINGS
...INVADERS
4. ALFRED THE GREAT
DEFEATED VIKING
INVASIONS
5. KING CANUTE UNIFIED
ENGLISH PEOPLE INTO
ANGLO-SAXONS
B. NORMAN
CONQUEST
1. WILLIAM THE
CONQUEROR
a) NORMANDY – REGION
OF NORTHERN FRANCE
...WILLIAM
b) DESCENDED FROM
VIKINGS ADOPTED
FRENCH CULTURE
c) CLAIMED ENGLISH
CROWN AND INVADED
ENGLAND
2. HAROLD
GODWINSON
a) ANGLO/SAXON WHO
CLAIMED THE ENGLISH
CROWN
3. BATTLE OF
HASTINGS
a) HAROLD GODWINSON
KILLED IN BATTLE
b) WILLIAM CLAIMED ALL
OF ENGLAND
4. EFFECT
a) WILLIAM UNIFIED
ENGLAND
b) LAID FOUNDATION FOR
CENTRALIZED
GOVERNMENT
V. ENGLAND’S EVOLVING
GOVERNMENT
A. INTRODUCTION
1. GOALS OF WILLIAMS
DESCENDENTS
a) HOLD & ADD FRENCH
LANDS
b) STRENGTHEN POWER
OVER NOBLES & CHURCH
B. HISTORY MAKERS
1. ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE
a) HUSBANDS
(1) LOUIS VII – FRANCE
(2) HENRY II - ENGLAND
b. SONS
(1) RICHARD THE
LIONHEARTED
(2) JOHN
2. EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE
TO HENRY II
a) ADDED TERRITORY IN
FRANCE
b) MADE HIM A VASSAL TO
THE FRENCH KING
3. JURIES & COMMON LAW
a) STRENGTHENED ROYAL COURTS
USING TRAVELING JUDGES TO
TAX, PUNISH, HEAR CASES.
b) INTRODUCED USE OF JURY
c) ESTABLISHED COMMON LAW –
BASED ON JUDICIAL OPINION
(JUDGE’S DECISIONS)
C. MAGNA CARTA
1. JOHN’S RULE
a) FAILED AS A MILITARY
LEADER
b) LOST FRENCH LANDS
2. NOBLES REVOLT
a. CAUSES
(1) CRUEL TO SUBJECTS
(2) TAXED NOBILITY
HEAVILY
(3) ALIENATED CHURCH
(4) THREATENED TOWNS
b. MAGNA CARTA
(1) RIGHTS GUARANTEED
(a) NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
(b) RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY
c) EFFECTS
(1) FOUNDATION FOR BASIC
LEGAL RIGHTS IN
ENGLAND AND UNITED
STATES
D. MODEL PARLIAMENT
1. CAUSES
a) NEEDED TO RAISE
TAXES FOR FRENCH WARS
2. PARLIAMENT –
LEGISLATIVE GROUP
a) TWO BURGESSES FROM
EACH COUNTY
b) TWO KNIGHTS FROM
EACH COUNTY
...PARLIAMENT
3. HOUSE OF COMMONS
a) KNIGHTS & BURGESSES
4. HOUSE OF LORDS
a) NOBLES & BISHOPS
...PARLIAMENT
5. EFFECT
a) WEAKENED GREATER
LORDS
b) PROVIDED CHECK ON
ROYAL POWER
VI. CAPETIAN DYNASTY
RULES FRANCE
A. INTRODUCTION
1. FRANCE AFTER
CHARLEMAGNE
a) DIVIDED INTO 47 FEUDAL
TERRITORIES
b) CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY
ENDED WITH LOUIS THE
SLUGGARD
2. HUGH CAPET
a) SMALL KINGDOM THAT
INCLUDED PARIS
b) BEGAN CAPETIAN
DYNASTY WHICH GAINED
CONTROL OVER FRANCE
B. FRANCE BECOMES A
SEPARATE KINGDOM
1. IMPORTANCE OF CAPETIAN
LOCATION
a) CONTROLLED MAJOR
EUROPEAN TRADE
ROUTES
b) CONTROL OF FRANCE
SPREAD FROM PARIS
C. PHILLIP II EXPANDS
HIS POWER
1. PHILLIP’S GOALS
a) WEAKEN THE POWERS
OF THE ENGLISH KINGS IN
FRANCE
2. FAILURES &
SUCCESSES
a) LITTLE SUCCESS AGAINST
HENRY II OR RICHARD THE
LIONHEARTED
b) GREATLY INCREASED
TERRITORY AGAINST JOHN
...SUCCESSES
c) TRIPLED LAND HELD
d) BECAME MORE
POWERFUL THAN
VASSALS
3. CENTRALIZING
GOVERNMENT
a) ESTABLISHED COURTS
CALLED BAILIFFS
b) PRESIDED OVER COURTS
AND COLLECTED TAXES
D. PHILLIP’S HEIRS
1. LOUIS IX
a) KNOWN AS IDEAL KING
...HEIRS
b) FRENCH APPEALS COURTS
(1) COULD OVERTURN
LOCAL COURT
DECISIONS
(2) STRENGTHENED
MONARCHY &
WEAKENED FEUDALISM
2. PHILLIP IV
a) USED SUPPORT OF LORDS
AND BISHOPS AGAINST
POPE
b) INCLUDED COMMONERS
IN MEETINGS
c. ESTATES GENERAL
(1) 1ST ESTATE – CHURCH
LEADERS
(2) 2ND ESTATE – GREATER
LORDS
(3) 3RD ESTATE – COMMONERS
(WEALTHY LANDHOLDERS
& MERCHANTS)
VII. SPAIN
A. FERDINAND AND
ISABELLA
1. UNIFIED SPAIN
THROUGH MARRIAGE
AND WAR
...FERDINAND &
ISABELLA
2. EXPELLED THE MOORS
FROM SPAIN
3. BEGAN EXPANSION OF
SPANISH EMPIRE IN
AMERICAS
4. EXPANSION CONTINUED
UNDER PHILLIP II
GREAT
BRITAIN
FRANCE
SPAIN
GERMANY
FOUNDERS OF NATION
STATES
UNITED FRANCE
HUGH CAPET
UNITED MORMANDY
& GREAT BRITAIN
WILLIAM THE
CONQUEROR
STRENTHENED
ENGLAND THROUGH
LAW
UNITED SPAIN
HENRY II
FERDINAND &
ISABELLA