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Chapter 9 Study Guide “The Civil War” Chapter Vocabulary Safe House Fugitives Homes of abolitionists along the Underground Railroad, where enslaved people seeking freedom could hide during the day. An enslaved person who is trying to escape. Abolitionists A person who worked to end slavery. Secede To break away from. Emancipate To set free. Enlist To volunteer to serve. Underground Railroad Raid A network of secret routes out of the South, used by escaping slaves. The name given to the states that seceded from the United States of America. The capital was Richmond, Virginia. (States below the Mason-Dixon Line) The name given to the states that remained in the United States during the Civil War. (States above the Mason-Dixon Line- PA) Sudden attack Hub Transportation center Mason-Dixon Line A line established in 1867 between Pennsylvania and Maryland. This line divided the Union from the Confederacy. Confederacy Union Chapter Essential Questions 1. Why was Gettysburg, Pennsylvania an important place during the Civil War? Gettysburg was an important place during the Civil War because one of the largest battles of the war was fought there. This battle lasted for 3 days. This was also the where the Union started to gain the upper hand in the war. 2. Why was Chambersburg, Pennsylvania an important place during the Civil War? Chambersburg was an important railroad hub of transportation. Trains traveling all through the North to Washington D.C. passed through Chambersburg. The Confederates took Chambersburg and tried to ransom it for $100,000. 3. What was the cause of the Civil War, and how did it end? The Civil War began because many Northerners did not believe that Southerners should be allowed to own slaves. This led to conflict and the South tried to break away from the United States of America. The war ended when the General Robert E. Lee surrendered in Appomattox Court, Virginia . *More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war that the U.S. has been in. Many died because of disease and infections. *Abraham Lincoln was president during this period. He was assassinated just after the war ended.