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Renaissance Art ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 1 Characteristics of the Renaissance • Humanism • Individualism • Questioning Attitude / Critical thinking • Interest in Secular, or non-religious, worldly matters • Rise of the middle class (merchants) • Great achievements in the arts ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 2 Medieval Art • Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic 2D style • Some of the great art work was in the stain glass windows, but again, 2D. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 3 Characteristics of Renaissance Art • Three Dimensional (3-D) • Realistic & Lifelike • Influenced by Greco-Roman culture; its forms and its themes (i.e. beauty of the human body) • New mediums: Oil on canvas • And old: Frescos • The importance of religion in art ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 4 Leonardo Da Vinci • One of the greatest artists and inventors • The Last Supper, Mona Lisa ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 5 Michelangelo • The Last Judgment ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 6 Michelangelo • David ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 7 Donatello • David ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 8 Raphael • Madonnas ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 9 Raphael • School of Athens ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 10 Albretch Durer • Adoration of the Magi ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 11 Jan van Eyck • Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 12 St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vatican • Michelangelo (also painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and Moses) ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 13 The Renaissance Moves North • Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 that northern Europe enjoyed the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy. • Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own. • As a result of the printing press, books became more available and people became more literate. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 14 Renaissance Writers •Began to use the vernacular instead of classical Latin. – (vernacular = the native language) ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 15 Humanism • Humanism is the idea that is focused on human achievements and potential rather than religious themes. • Focused on the man and his world. (The importance of man) • Concentrated on everyday human problems and relationships. • Humanists focus on reality and the world around them (How man relates, pleasure, passion) rather than morality.) ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 16 Humanism Cont. • The secular nature of humanism, as well as it’s questioning attitude, often brought it into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thinking. • It revolves around the study of the Liberal Arts: Grammar and Rhetoric, Poetry, History, and Ethics. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 17 Humanism in Northern Europe • Northern Humanists stressed education and classical learning, however, unlike the Italian humanists, they emphasized religious themes. • They believed that the revival should be used to bring about religious and moral reform. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 18 Petrarch • Considered the Father of Humanism. • Believed God had given man his intellect and potential to be used to the fullest. • Wrote poetry in Italian and enumerable works in Latin on different subjects, but is best known for his Letters, which fill two volumes. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 19 William Shakespeare Hamlet Taming of the Shrew A Midsummer’s Night Dream Romeo and Juliet MacBeth ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 20 Shakespeare • The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare. • Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 21 Dante The Divine Comedy • tells the story of a man’s journey through heaven and hell. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 22 Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales • Series of stories depicting the lives of whole social spectrum on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Beckett at the Canterbury Cathedral in England ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 23 Boccaccio Decameron – Written in 1353, it is a collection of novellas (stories) that demonstrate life in the time and portrays many of the Renaissance attitudes. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 24 Erasmus The Handbook of the Christian Knight – A work of a Christian Humanist, The Handbook speaks clearly and logically to Christian concerning how their secular lives should reflect their spiritual life ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 25 Erasmus In Praise of Folly – Book in which Erasmus criticizes the areas of society that were in most need of reform, such as monasteries and church corruption. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 26 Machiavelli The Prince – First work of political science, instruction manual for the Prince to do what is necessary to stay in power and stability. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 27 Machiavelli • Machiavelli was a political philosopher. • The Prince advised kings how to rule. • In Machiavelli way of thinking: The end justifies the means. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 28 Thomas More Utopia • a work of fiction, tells the story of a land that is almost perfect in every way and serves as an example of what the world should be. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 29 The Printing Revolution • In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the Bible using movable metal type on a machine called a printing press. • Printed books became cheap and easier to produce that hand copies. • Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge. (Medicine to Religion) • The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation. ©2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 30