Download HBMS 8th lit. terms

Literary Devices
Short Story Objectives
Robert
Frost
said that a poem
should “begin in
delight and end in
wisdom.”
Robert
Frost was a
farmer, teacher, and a
writer.
He called himself a
synecdochist (a small
part of a big thing).
He
was a realist and
a naturalist.
He was like “a potato
with the dirt washed
off.”
He
didn’t dwell on
the ugly or sordid;
he liked to write
about the common
every day life.
Longfellow
*Didn’t
write about
the conflicts of the
day, although he did
write some antislavery poems
Longfellow
had
a long beard to
cover scars from
trying to save his
wife from a house
fire
Longfellow
Poetry
was very
strict to the rules.
His style was
outdated.
Longfellow
He
was didactic He wanted to
teach some kind
of moral.
Longfellow
For
those reasons,
Poe didn’t like him.
Edgar
He
Allan Poe
said..
1) a poem should not
be “didactic” teaching.
2)
a poem should
be short.
3) a poem should
be a creation of
beauty.
4)
a poem should
have a beautiful
woman as its
best subject.
Edgar
Allen was
fascinated with
death and the
supernatural.
He
was a drug
addict.
He married his
13, almost 14,
year-old-cousin.
At
age 40, he
died of a
morphine
overdose.
1)Poetry
- imaginative
writing in which
language, images,
sounds, and rhythm
combine to create a
special emotional effect
2. Symbol - any
person, place or thing
that stands for
something else.
Ex: Eagles symbolize
freedom.
3.Simile - Figure of
speech that compares
unlike things using
“like” or “as”“She is as sweet as
pie.”
4. Metaphor - a
figure of speech that
compares two
unlike things
“That car is a
lemon.”
5. Extended
metaphor- to use a
metaphor
throughout a
poem
6. Narrative
poetry - poetry
that tells a
story
7. Rhythm - the
pattern of stressed
and unstressed
syllables in a line
of poetry
8.
Rhyme - the
repetition of similar
sounds. 2 kinds:
9.
End rhyme rhymes come at the
end of lines
10. Internal rhyme rhyme occurs within
a line
11. Alliteration -the
repetition of
consonant sounds
(Betty Botter bought
some butter.)
12.
Personification - a
figure of speech in
which something not
human is given a
human personality or
characteristics.
Exposition –
introduction to story
(creates tone, gives
setting, and
introduces
characters).
13.
14)setting
- the
physical and
sometimes spiritual
background of a
story.
4
elements of setting:
–1) geographical location
–2)daily living of characters
–3)the time or period in
which the action takes
place
–4)general environment
15.
plot - the sequence
of events
Components
of plot:
conflict,rising action,
climax, falling action,
resolution
 http://www.flanaganhighschool.co
m/fcatstrat/week19.htm
16.
atmosphere - the
general mood or
feeling
17)
Climax - the
reader’s highest
emotional involvement
in the work
18)Short story - a brief
account of fictional
events
 19)Point
of view - the
relationship of the author to
the work
–1st person - “I”, “Me,” etc.
–2nd person - “You,” “Your,”
etc.
–3rd person - “He,” “She,” etc.
20)conflict
- the
struggle b/t two
opposing
forces.
4
Kinds:
 1) struggle w/ nature
2) struggle w/ another
person
3) struggle w/ society
4) struggle w/in
21.
suspense - the
anticipation as to the
outcome of events
–Question of how,
what, who?
–Question of when?
– Japanese
poem that consists of
three lines.
st
rd
–The 1 and 3 lines
have 5 syllables.
nd
–The 2 line has 7
syllables.
22.haiku
poem – a
poem with a shape that
suggests its meaning.
EX: a football shaped
poem
23.concrete
verse – a poem
that has no definite
pattern, line length, or
rhyme scheme.
24.free
poem – a short,
musical poem that
expresses observations
or feelings; usually has
stanzas; usually
represent the poet as
“I”
25.lyric
26.Stanza
-A
group of lines
forming a unit in
a poem
27.
Imagery language that
appeals to the
senses.
28)Theme
underlying idea in a
work
29.
Repetition - a
device using the
same word or
phrase to show
emphasis
Emily
 Two
Dickinson
things in her writing:
1)compression
of
thought (putting a lot
of meaning in fewer
words)
Emily
2)
Dickinson
apharisms (short
poems)
Her titles are the first
lines of the poems.
Emily
 Poetry
Dickinson
was sharp and
intense.
 Poems were simple and
passionate.
 Ideas were witty,
rebellious, and original.
Emily
Dickinson
She
had an acute
awareness of the
senses.
She
used assonance
often.
Emily
Dickinson
She wore white,
avoided people, and
was different from
other girls.
She was eccentric.
Emily
Before
Dickinson
she died, she
would not leave her
room.
When she died, only
seven of her poems
were published.
Memoir –
autobiographical (about
one’s own life) writing
that deals with the
writer’s memory of
someone or significant
event.
30.
Epic – A long
narrative poem or story
that relates the deeds
of a hero.
31.
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Epic Conventions:
1. *Hero
2. *Vast setting
3. * Action consists of great courage
4. *Supernatural forces
5. *Simple story
6. *Objective
7. *Opens with a theme
8. Begins in the middle
9. *Lots of lists
10. *Speeches by main character
32. Mood – the
emotional attitude
that the author takes
toward the theme of
the work
33)Characterization-
displaying a
character’s
personality
Five
Kinds:
 1)
character’s actions
 2) character’s speech
 3)what
other characters say
 4)revealing
character’s
thoughts
 5) directly commenting
34. Folk ballad - a form of
verse to be sung or recited,
usually a story; no known
author
35. Literary ballad – a story
told in verse in which the
known author imitates a folk
ballad
36. Limerick – a comical
poem written in 5 lines,
rhymed in the pattern of
aabba, and having a definite
pattern of rhythm
37)Resolution-
the final
outcome of the story
assonance –
repetition of vowel
sounds
39) tone- attitude the
writer takes toward
his/her subject
38)
allusion – a
reference in one work
of lit to a person, place,
or event in another
piece of lit.
40)
ARMT Practice
*
plot - the sequence of
events
Components
of plot:
conflict,rising action,
climax, falling action,
resolution
 http://www.flanaganhighschool.co
m/fcatstrat/week19.htm
ARMT
*conflict
- the
struggle b/t two
opposing forces.
4
Kinds:
 1) struggle w/ nature
2) struggle w/ another
person
3) struggle w/ society
4) struggle w/in
ARMT
- the reader’s
highest emotional
involvement in the work
*Climax
*Resolution-
the final
outcome of the story
ARMT
*Resolution-
the final
outcome of the
story
ARMT
*setting
- the physical
and sometimes
spiritual background of
a story.
4
elements of setting:
–1) geographical location
–2)daily living of characters
–3)the time or period in
which the action takes
place
–4)general environment
ARMT
*Characterization-
displaying a
character’s
personality
Five
Kinds:
 1)
character’s actions
 2) character’s speech
 3)what
other characters say
 4)revealing
character’s
thoughts
 5) directly commenting
ARMT
* Folk ballad - a form of verse
to be sung or recited, usually a
story; no known author
* Literary ballad – a story told
in verse in which the known
author imitates a folk ballad
ARMT
* Limerick – a comical poem
written in 5 lines, rhymed in
the pattern of aabba, and
having a definite pattern of
rhythm
ARMT
Epic – A long
narrative poem or story
that relates the deeds
of a hero.
*
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Epic Conventions:
1. *Hero
2. *Vast setting
3. * Action consists of great courage
4. *Supernatural forces
5. *Simple story
6. *Objective
7. *Opens with a theme
8. Begins in the middle
9. *Lots of lists
10. *Speeches by main character
 ARMT
– Japanese poem
that consists of three lines.
st
rd
–The 1 and 3 lines
have 5 syllables.
–The 2nd line has 7
syllables.
 *haiku
ARMT
poem – a
poem with a shape that
suggests its meaning.
EX: a football shaped
poem
concrete
ARMT
verse – a poem
that has no definite
pattern, line length, or
rhyme scheme.
*free
 ARMT
poem – a short,
musical poem that
expresses observations or
feelings; usually has
stanzas; usually represent
the poet as “I”
 *lyric
ARMT
* Rhythm - the
pattern of stressed
and unstressed
syllables in a line
ARMT
*
Rhyme - the
repetition of similar
sounds. 2 kinds:
ARMT
*
End rhyme - rhymes
come at the end of
lines
*Internal rhyme - rhyme
occurs within a line
ARMT
*
Rhyme schemes
41. Tall tale –
a highly improbable,
humorous story that
stretches facts beyond
any hope of belief.
42)drama-
a literary work
meant to be performed for
an audience. 3 elements:
1)Story
2)Told in Action
3) Actors who play the
characters
43.
Script - the
complete text in a play
44. Cast - list of
characters
45.
Stage directions describe the action and
tell the characters what
to do and how to do it
46.
Dialogue - what
characters say
47. Scenery everything used to
show the setting
48.
Sound effects sounds that are made
for a play
13. Inversion - the
reversal of the
normal order of
words in a sentence
Ex: “A kiss, he did
receive.”
14. Assonance the repetition of
similar vowel
sounds
19.
Onomatopoeia a word that
sounds like its
meaning (BZZZ).
8)Foreshadowing-
the use of hints or
clues to suggest
what action is
about to occur
21.
Atmosphere the general
mood or feeling
32. Mood – the
emotional attitude
that the author takes
toward the theme of
the work
29. Total effect
- overall
impression
30.
humor something
intended to be
funny
31.
allusion - a
reference in one work
of lit to a person, place,
or event in another
piece of lit., art, or
history.
33.
flashback - an
interruption of the
action to tell about
something that
happened earlier in
time.
34.
character a person in a
story, novel,
poem, or play
37.
Biography - a
story about
someone’s life
written by
someone else.
Elements
of a short story:
1) Characters
2) plot
3)setting
4) theme
38.Anecdote
a short story to
make a point
39.
Myth - a
story,often about
gods and goddesses
that attempts to give
meaning to the world
42.
Hero - chief
character in story;
usually brave,
courageous, kind,
honest, etc.
44.
Parody humorous
imitation of a
serious piece of
literature
45.
Comedy - a
literary work with
a generally happy
ending; can be
serious at times
46.
Monologue one speaker in
front of an
audience
47.
Irony - the
contrast b/t what
is expected to
happen and
really does
3
kinds of irony:
–1) Dramatic ironywhen the reader
knows something
the characters don’t
3
kinds of Irony:
–2)Verbal irony - when
a character or author
says something and
means something
else
3
kinds of Irony:
–3)irony of situation when the situation
turns out differently
from expected
48.
Subplot - a story
within another story