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A. The primary function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring. This is accomplished by 1. sexual maturation of the male resulting in production of male gametes (sperm) in the gonads (testes). 2. sexual maturation of the female resulting in production of female gametes (ova) in the female gonads, the ovaries. At puberty the male genitalia looks like this The female genitalia looks like this A. Testes (seminiferous tubules) B. Epididymus (20 feet) C. Vas deferens becomes ejaculatory duct D. Seminal vesicle makes semen (accessory) E. Prostate gland makes semen = activates sperm (accessory) F. Urethra and Penis G. Cowper’s gland deacidifies urethra (accessory) 1. Testes synthesize sperm in seminiferous tubules 2. Testosterone is synthesized in interstitial or leydig cells between seminiferious tubules 4. From Rete testis sperm enter epididymus, then vas deferns. Female reproductive/accessory organs 1. genitalia is both internal and external 2. vagina, uterus, ovaries, uterine tube are internal 3. mons pubis, clitorus, labia, mammaries are external and accessory accessory) A. Ovaries = female gonad. Ovarian follicles secrete estrogen and progesterone that regulate menses. They also produce & expel at least one mature ova per month. 1. The primary oocyte, is arrested in prophase I inside the primordial follicle of the ovary 2.Oogenesis is formation of a viable oocyte. The oocyte is ovulated from the graffian follicle. If and only if there is penetration of the oocyte by sperm, does the oocyte mature thru phases of meiosis. 3.Female duct system a. Fallopian tubes receive ovulated ovum (fertilization) as ciliated fimbriae move ovum b. cervix is narrow neck of uterus 4. Uterus (tilts away from vagina) a. nourishes a fertilized ovum. b. uterine wall (1)functional layer of endometrium (2)mesometrium smooth muscle layer 5. Vagina is thin walled tube (1) is birth canal and copulatory organ 5. Mammary glands (glandular alveoli) produce milk to nourish an infant. 1. spermatids undergo spermatogenesis (1) head is where genetic material resides. It is covered by the acrosome, helmet and contains enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate the egg. (2) midpiece is full of mitochondria for energy (3) tail is long flagellum produced by microtubule protein Male cells (2) sertoli cells form a barrier around sperm to protect it from immune system. S cells are called “nurse” cells (3) they secrete testicular fluid that serves as a transport medium