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1 Welcome This is a document to explains the chosen concept to the animator. 2 This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation. 3 4 The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The big Black colored number will denote the current section, the Grey color would denote the completed sections, and the Turquoise color would denote the remaining sections. The slides having yellow background (like this one) are the 'Instruction slides' 5 Formation of The Himalaya The Himalayas, which stretch ~ 2,900 km along the border between India and Tibet. This immense mountain range began to form between ~ 40 and 50 million years ago, when two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by plate movement, collided. Related LOs: > Prior Viewing: Plate tectonics/ Movement > Future Viewing : Course Name: Plate Tectonics Author: Arpita Roy Mentor: Prof. Soumyajit Mukherjee Level: Post graduation *The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license 1 2 Learning objectives After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to: 3 4 5 Describe the geological phenomena of the formation of the Himalayan Orogeny Phase I Describe the geological phenomena of the formation of the Himalayan Orogeny Phase II 1 Keywords/Definitions 1. Orogeny: Refers to mountain building processes. 2 3 4 5 2. converging continental plates : In plate tectonics, a ‘convergent boundary’, also known as a ‘destructive plate boundary’ an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide. As a result, earthquakes and volcanoes are common near such convergent boundaries. 3. overthrusts: If the dip of the fault plane is low (generally < 20degree) and the displacement of the overlying block is large (often in the kilometer scale), the fault is called an overthrusts. 4. Main central Thrust : The Main Central Thrust, marking the boundary between the Lesserand Higher Himalaya, is a zone of more or less parallel thrust planes along which the rocks of the Central Crystallines have moved southwards against, and over the younger sedimentary and met sedimentary rocks of the Lesser Himalaya. 1 2 3 Keywords/ Definitions 5) Main Boundary Thrust: Separating the Siwalik Formations of the Sub-Himalayas from the older rocks lying to their north. It is a major structural plane discernible throughout the length of the Himalayas 6 ) Accretionary wedge or accretionary prism: Formed from sediments that are accreted onto the non-subducting tectonic plate at a convergent plate boundary. Most of the material in the accretionary wedge consists of marine sediments scraped off from the down going slab of oceanic crust, but in some cases includes the erosional products of volcanic island arcs formed on the overriding plates 7 ) Fore arc basin or arc-trench gap: Depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass 4 5 1 Master layout or diagram • 2 • • • 3 • • 4 • 5 Make a schematic diagram of the concept Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of the process. Draw image big enough for explaining. In the image, identify and label different components of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film) Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use BOLD lines in the diagram (minimum 2pts.) In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels used in the diagram You may have multiple master layouts. • In this case, number the master layout. (e.g. Master layout 1, 2, 3…) Master layout Magma rising from subduction zone Ocean trench sediment Deep ocean floor sediment Continental shelf sediment A Ocean trench sediment Deep ocean floor sediment Fig. A Continental shelf sediment Magma rising up Ocean trench sediment Magma rising up Oceanic trench sediment B Deep ocean floor sediment Fig. B Mantle Continental shelf sediment C Fig. C Slivers of oceanic crust Continental shelf sediments D Fig. D Continental crust Oceanic crust Direction of down going slab 1 Stepwise description of process 2 3 4 5 The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert. You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization. Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation. Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box. You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation Step: 1 Subduction of oceanic plate Magma rising from subduction zone Ocean trench sediment Deep ocean floor sediment Continental shelf sediment A Fig. A Mantle Continental crust Oceanic crust Movement of the continental crust Direction of down going slab Uprising magmatic materials Description of the action Audio narration Text to be displayed 1) Show the down going oceanic plate (as shown in Fig. A by black arrow) 2) Show the rising of the magmatic materials (as shown by yellow colored materials and the arrow is blue colored) 3) The pink colored continental crust drifts closer to each other (marked by purple colored arrow) 4) Time duration for these event will be 10 seconds The oceanic plate will go down (subduct) beneath the mantle and the continental pates are coming towards each other Subduction of the oceanic plate will be shown in the first stage of Himalaya formation Step: 2 Movement of the continental crust from both side Ocean trench sediment Magma rising from subduction zone Deep ocean Continental floor sediment shelf sediment B Mantle Fig. B Continental crust Movement of the continental crust Uprising of magmatic material Oceanic crust Direction of down going slab 2, Step:Step: 2, Movement of the continental crusts from both side Description of the action Audio narration 1) Again show the The two continental plates oceanic plate (green gradually come towards colored) is going down each others. ward side ( as shown here black colored arrow) 2) Show magma rising (shown by yellow colored bubbles here). The arrow is blue colored 3) Show the continental crusts are (pink colored) drifting from both sides towards each other (drifting of the continental plates are shown by purple color) 4) Time duration will be 10 seconds Text to be displayed Step: 3 Simultaneous action of closing of the continental crusts from both side as well as the downward movement of oceanic plate Magma rising from subduction zone Ocean trench sediment Continental shelf sediment Mantle C Fig. C Movement of the continental crust Movement of the up rising magma Continental crust Oceanic crust Direction of down going slab Step: 3 Simultaneous action of closing of the continental crusts from both side as well as the downward movement of oceanic plate Description of the action Audio narration 1) Again show the oceanic The two continental plates plate (green colored) is gradually come towards each going down ward side ( as others. shown here black colored arrow) 2) Show magma rising (shown by yellow colored bubbles here). The arrow colour is blue colored 3) Show the continental crusts are (pink colored) drifting from both sides towards each other (drifting of the continental plates are shown by purple color) 4) Time duration will be 10 seconds Text to be displayed Step: 4 Collision of the two continents result mountain formation (The Himalaya) Slivers of oceanic crust Oceanic trench sediment Highly elevated area or mountain Continental shelf sediments D Mantle Continental crust Oceanic crust Fig. D Description of the action Audio narration 1) Show the oceanic plate (green colored) has totally subducted and show also the slivers of oceanic crust on the above 2) The drifted continental crusts collide with each other and finally forms the elevated part (high land area) or mountain The continents drift closer to each others and finally form mountain. Text to be displayed 1 Animation design • 2 • • 3 4 5 Please see the design template provided in the next slide. This is a sample template, and you are free to change as per your design requirements. Try and rename the tabs / buttons / sections / subsections as shown in the template. Slide 3 • Use ‘callouts’ as shown above to explain the source of content. Ex: If the call out is placed at the Tab 01, and you want the content to be taken from slide 3 of this presentation, then place this callout on the Tab 01, and write ‘Slide 3’ inside the callout. Animation design Subducting oceanic plate Magma rising up wards Interactivity area A Start Magma rising up wards Magma rising upwards Subducting oceanic plate B Definitions Time model Phase I Continental plates are coming towards each other C PhaseII Replay Highly elevated area Magma rising upwards D Continental collision (Mountain formation) Time duration for each Figure will be 10 seconds Credits APPENDIX 1 Self- Assessment Questionnaire for Learners • Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based on the LO. They can be of the following types: – These questions should be 5 in number and can be of objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No, Sequencing, Odd One Out). – The questions can also be open-ended. The user would be asked to think about the question. The author is requested to provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary. – One can include questions, for which the user will need to interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to answer it. – It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall. Questionnaire: 1) Himalaya orogen is associated with which tectonic setting? a) Oceanic-Oceanic setting b) Continental-continental c) Oceanic- Continental d) None of these 2) What type of tectonic boundary is related with this Orogeny and why? a) Transform as two plates slidely pass each other b) Convergent boundary as continental collision takes place during convergence or subduction c) Divergent as two plates moves away from each other d) All of these Questionnaire: 3) What do you mean by continental shelf? a) Continent and continental shelf is the same b) Continental shelf is the extended part of the continent with a gentle slope c) Continental shelf starts with increasing the slope within a continent d) None of these APPENDIX 2 Links for further reading In the next slide, provide some reference reading material for the users. It could be books, reference publications, or website URLs. APPENDIX 2 Links for further reading 1. http://planet.botany.uwc.ac.za/nisl/gis/assignment_1/k_marais_gis_ 2006_assignment_1_cg/images/pic009.jpg APPENDIX 3 Summary • • Please provide points to remember to understand the concept/ key terms of the animation, in the next slide. The summary will help the user in the quick review of the concept. APPENDIX 3 Summary This immense mountain range began to form between ~ 40 and 50 million years ago, when two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by plate movement, collided There are two phases involved in the formation of the Himalaya; phase one is about collision and formation of it and second phase is about its upliftment.