Download New World Explorers

New World
Explorers
Overview
Motives For Exploration
•Money
• Curiosity
•Fame
•Religion
•Faster, Cheaper trade
Routes
•National
Pride
•Foreign Goods
Ok the last slide is a
little on the simple side
so explain what were the
motivators for
Exploration?
First Guys
• The First Explorers
– Eskimos & Aleuts (Native Americans)
– Japanese & Chinese Fishermen
– West Africans (Olmec Legend)
– European Vikings
• Thorfinn Karlsefni –mapped part of
North American coast
–Tried to settle Newfoundland
the Red (c. 960)
The Vikings • Eric
-brought family from
Norway to Iceland,
then settled in Greenland
• Leif Eriksson (c. 1000)
-landed in present-day
Newfoundland
-only remained three years
EXPLORATION & CONQUEST
• The European Explorers / 15 & 16th centuries
– Portugal – the African Coast & Route
• Prince Henry the Navigator
– 30 voyages along the African Coast
• Bartholomeu Dias – Cape Good Hope 1488
• Vasco De Gama – Calicut, India 1498
• Colonies in West Africa, the Persian Gulf,
Macao, and Brazil. Established a commercial
network as they explored.
How were they able to explore
now? How were they able to
conquer huge empires?
•
•
•
•
•
Compass
Stern-post rudder
Portolani
Quadrant and astrolabe
Lateen rig
• Horses
• Guns and
gunpowder
Stern-Post Rudder
Portolani
The word portolani comes
from the Italian adjective
portolano, meaning
"related to ports or
harbors", or "a collection of
sailing directions"
Quadrant
Astrolabe
Lanteen Rig (or sail)
Christopher Columbus
From the diary of Christopher
Columbus during his first voyage of
exploration.
Saturday, 13 October. [1492] At
daybreak great multitudes of men came
to the shore, all young and of fine
shapes, very handsome; their hair not
curled but straight and coarse like
horse-hair, and all with foreheads and
heads much broader than any people I
had seen; They came loaded with balls
of cotton, parrots, javelins, and other
things too numerous to mention; these
they exchanged for whatever we chose
to give them.
Christopher Columbus
• Read Marco Polo’s
Travels – it sparked
his imagination
• Idea: travel West to get
East
• Portugal said “NO” but
Spain said “YES”
• October 12, 1492 Columbus
lands on a small island in
the Bahamas
• Columbus dies never
knowing he did not land
in India
How did Columbus’s journey
change Spain?
• The Spanish established colonies across the
Americas, the Caribbean, and the Pacific
• Spain becomes a dominant state in Europe
EXPLORATION & CONQUEST
• Motivational Factors European Exploration in the
Americas
2. Establishment of new trade routes and
national claims of territories
• Existing routes were expensive and
dangerous due to pirates & wars
• Monopolized by Italian merchants who
functioned as middlemen in trade between
Europe & Asia
Conflict
Over The Americas
*Line of Demarcation
-Pope Alexander Vi
draws a line 300
miles west of the
Azores Islands
*Treaty of Tordesillas
-Moved the Line of
Demarcation 650
miles further west
The Three G’s of Spanish
Conquest
Gold
God
Glory
Spanish Conquistadors
•Juan Ponce de Leon –1513 explored and claimed
Florida
•Hernando Cortez – 1519
-conquered the Aztec
empire in
Mexico
•Francisco Pizarro –1533
-conquered the Inca
empire in South
America
Technology:
In this illustration you see
both Native Americans
and Colonial men at war
with one another.
1. What is the major
weapon being used by
either side?
2. Why do you think these
two sides are fighting?
3. Which group do you
believe had an
advantage? Explain.
4. Who do you believe is
more likely to win the
battle, why?
The Columbian Exchange
From Europe to
the Americas:
Wheat
Cattle
Horses
Pigs
Sheep
Smallpox
Measles
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
From the Americas
to Europe:
Tomatoes
Potatoes
Squash
Corn
Tobacco
Turkeys
Syphilis
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
Horrible Histories
https://vimeo.com/107008947
•Giovanni Verrazano-1524
-sailed the east coast of North
The French:
America
Early
•Jacque Cartier-1534-6
-explored the St. Lawrence
Exploration
River and claimed the Grand
Bank
•Samuel de Champlian-1603-8
-founded Quebec and
established the colony of New
France
The French: Later
Exploration
•Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette – 1673
-explored up the Mississippi River
•Robert La Salle – 1682
-claimed and named the Louisiana
Territory
The English:
Better Late
than Never
•John Cabot
-tried to find route to
China only found
Newfoundland
•Henry Hudson
-explored Hudson
Bay
Who Claimed What?
• Russia
-Alaska
• Portugal
-Brazil
• France
• England
-The east coast of N. America
from Spanish Florida to
French Canada
• Spain
-The west coast of the
-Most of Canada
Americas from northern
-Louisiana Territory California to Tierra del Fuego
Don’t forget about the Dutch