Download The Korean War

WWII
• Korea was a
Japanese
colony during
WWII
North Korea
38th parallel
South Korea
• When Japan
lost the war,
Russian and
American troops
liberated Korea
• The Russians
and Americans
decided that
Korea should be
divided at the
38th parallel in
1945
Puppet Governments
• The U.S. administered the
South and put an anticommunist, pro-American
leader in charge
• The USSR administered
the North and put a
Communist leader in
charge
• Russians and Americans
withdrew troops from
Korea in 1949
Question: What is a “puppet
government?”
North Korea
South Korea
In 1949
China
became
Communist.
Why is this
fact
important to
Korea?
Important to
the U.S.?
A Desire to Unite
• Both Northern and Southern
leaders wanted to unite the
country – but with different types
of government.
• Kim Il Sung (North Korean
leader) understood that to
resolve the problem of unifying
the two Koreas was very difficult
-- that he would need help. Of
course the help he was hoping
to get would come from the
Soviet Union.
• The Soviets and Kim gambled
that Korea wasn’t important
enough to the U.S. to prompt a
response
• 1950- NK invaded SK with 90,000 troops equipped with
Soviet weapons & tanks
– The South Korean army crumbled and retreated southwards
– Early bridge detonation story
• The U.S. may not have cared much about Korea, but it
did want to put ‘teeth’ into the Truman Doctrine!
– Afraid that Korea would fall to Communism like China, the U.S.
began to rush in troops.
•
The U.S. brought the Korean situation up with the
U.N.…
– The Russians were boycotting the U.N. (for a different reason),
so the U.S. convinced the UN to authorize a ‘police action’ to
help the South Koreans.
– About 90% of troops were American
President Truman
"Korea is a small country, thousands of miles away.
But what is happening there is important to every
American. The fact that communist forces have
invaded Korea is a warning that there may be similar
acts of aggression in other parts of the world ..."
The U.S. led UN forces pushed the North
Koreans back to the 38th parallel and then
kept going. They pushed all the way to the
border of China. “See. Don’t Mess With Us!”
• China declared that it would not accept
U.S. troops on its border!
• American General MacArthur promised
president Truman that the Chinese knew
better than to mess with the U.S./him
– Remember the U.S. had the atom bomb and
China didn’t
• China attacked!
• U.S. forces turned and fled  a route
• Interview: Lt. Col. Charles Bussey, U.S.
Army
• "It was a rout exactly like the one that
Napoleon faced leaving Russia. We ran
head-long, helter-skelter, pell-mell,
trying to get to Pusan, trying to get
back to Japan. It was disgusting."
• MacArthur Advised
Use of the Atom
Bomb
• Truman refused
• MacArthur went
public with his
disagreement
• Truman Fired
MacArthur
• The Americans
eventually stopped the
Chinese advance
• After several more
years of inconclusive
fighting back and forth,
a cease fire was signed.
• Signed in 1953, it
declared the 38th
parallel once again as
the break between the
two countries.
• Reflected new American foreign policy of
containment with ‘teeth’
• Limited warfare (did not use atomic bomb)
• First racially integrated (white and black) Armed
forces
– The result of the heroic efforts of the Tuskeegee Airmen,
among others, in WWII
• Begin to see a dramatic increase in military
spending & permanent mobilization
• To this day, North & South Korea remain divided.
• The U.S. has no formal diplomatic relationship
with North Korea.
• The Cold War had become a Hot War
• Permanent mobilization (American
troops/military bases around the world
2007)
• If you went to the 38th Parallel in Korea
today, you would find a DMZ or
de-militarized zone
• To this day, there is no formal peace treaty
ending the Korean War.
Kim Chong-Il
Today- North
Korea is ‘communist’
but it is run by KIM
Chong-il (the son of
KIM Il-song, who
died in 1994. Kim
Chong-il rules with
almost total power
and is more of a
totalitarian than a
Communist.
• In December 2002, North
Korea repudiated a 1994
agreement that shut down
its nuclear reactors and
expelled UN monitors,
further raising fears it would
produce nuclear weapons.
Interesting Tidbit
• After the armistice, 50,000 communist POWs
were released; approximately two-thirds of the
Chinese asked to go to Taiwan. Of 12,000 U.N.
prisoners released by North Korea, 21 U.S.
prisoners and one Scot chose to stay in China.
• How do you think this information was used by
the U.S.?
Hansen
U.S. History
Name ________________________
Period ________________
The Proxy War in Korea
•
•
•
•
WWII
–
Korea was a _______________ during WWII
–
When Japan lost the war, __________________________
troops liberated Korea
–
The Russians and Americans decided that Korea should be
_________________________________________________
Puppet Governments
–
What is a puppet government?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
–
The U.S. administered the South and put an anti-__________,
pro-______________leader in charge
–
The USSR administered the North and put a ___________
leader in charge
–
Russians and Americans withdrew troops ________________
1949
–
In 1949 China became Communist.
–
Why is this fact important to Korea? ____________________
_______________________________________________
–
Important to the U.S.? _______________________________
_________________________________________________
A Desire to Unite
–
Both Northern and Southern leaders wanted to unite the
country – but with _________________________________.
–
______________(North Korean leader) understood that to
resolve the problem of unifying the two Koreas was very
difficult -- that he would need help. Of course the help he was
hoping to get would
________________________________________.
–
The Soviets and Kim gambled that Korea wasn’t _________
_________________ to the U.S. to ___________________
•
•
•
•
Attack!
•
1950- NK invaded SK with ____________ equipped with
_________________________________________
•
The South Korean army _________and _______ southwards
•
Early bridge detonation story
•
The U.S. may not have cared much about Korea, but it did
want to put ___________ into the _________________!
•
Afraid that Korea would fall to Communism ________, the
U.S. began to _________________________.
•
The U.S. brought the Korean situation up __________.…
•
The Russians were __________________U.N. (for a
different reason), so the U.S. convinced the UN to
authorize a _______________________________
South Koreans.
•
_______________ of troops were American
Why American Involvement?
•
President Truman "Korea is a small country, thousands of
miles away. But what is happening there is important to
_________________. The fact that communist forces have
_________________ is a warning that there may be ______
_____________________ in other parts of the world ..."
•
The U.S. led _____________ pushed the North Koreans
back to the 38th parallel and then kept going. They pushed
all the way to the border of _____. “See. _____________
____________!”
Humiliation for the U.S.
•
China declared that it would __________________________
___________________________________________ !
•
American General MacArthur promised president Truman
that the Chinese knew better than to ___________________
•
Remember the U.S. had __________________ and China
didn’t
____________________________!
•
U.S. forces turned and fled  ____________
•
•
•
•
WWIII?
–
MacArthur Advised __________________________
–
____________________________
–
MacArthur went ___________ with his disagreement
–
Truman _____________ MacArthur
End of the Korean War
–
The Americans eventually ____________________________
–
After ________________________ of _________________
_______________ back and forth, a __________ was signed.
–
Signed in _______, it declared the ______________ once
again as the break between _______________________.
Significance?
–
Reflected new American foreign policy of ___________with
________________
–
_________________________ (did not use atomic bomb)
–
First _______________ (white and black) Armed forces
• The result of the heroic efforts of the ____________
_________________, among others, ____________
–
Begin to see a dramatic increase in ______________ &
_________________________________
–
To this day, North & South Korea remain ___________
–
The U.S. has no formal ________________________ with
North Korea.
The Cold War had become a Hot War
–
–
If you went to the 38th Parallel in Korea today, you would find a DMZ
or _______________________________
To this day, there is no formal peace treaty ending the Korean War.