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Transcript
Diabetes and Obesity
Type I is simple—no insulin
Type II is complicated—”resistance” to
insulin
Factors are multiple
Lifestyle and culture important
On the rise, especially in “developed” or
“first world” settings
The Pima Indian case study
“Traditional” and “Modern” Diets
Glucose Regulation
What is diabetes?
Cells need sugar—ATP and the Krebs Cycle
What comes in through the gut—basic nutrition
Role of liver in processing nutrients, storing
glucose
Absorptive Pathways and role of insulin from
pancreas
Post-absorptive Pathways
Understanding Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus—”starvation amidst plenty”
Type I
Juvenile onset
Pancreas beta cells die, no insulin produced
Type II
Adult onset
Complicated set of factors, some insulin
production
Goal—understand why we need insulin
Cells and Glucose
All cells of body
need constant
glucose supply,
especially nervous
tissue
Most other nutrients
can be converted
into glucose or
derivatives for
making ATP
ATP is celluar
“gasoline”
Why not eat just sugar?
What factors affect diabetes and
obesity?
Weight
Activity level
Genetics
Cultural-social-economic (class?)
Educational
Can these be controlled?
Pima Indian Study
Pima Indians and Diabetes
Pima Indians and Breastfeeding
Pima study to justify low carb diet?
“How Stuff Works”
Diabetes:
http://www.howstu
ffworks.com/diabet
es1.htm
Glucose metabolism
Liver receives blood from intestines (don’t forget hepatic portal system
After meal, in response to insulin from pancreas, glucose stored as complex
carbohydrate--glycogen--in liver
Between meals, in response to glucagon from pancreas, glucose is released
Pancreas releases insulin when sugar levels in blood go up
Inadequate or zero insulin production results in hyperglycemia or high blood
sugar
Overproduction or over-dosing of insulin results in hypoglycemia or low blood
sugar--insulin shock
Diabetes is insufficient production of insulin
Type I--juvenile onset with elimination of Islets of langerhans and zero
insulin production
Type II--adult onset with gradual loss of insulin production