Download Listening101__2014

Listening
The Other Half of Public Speaking
The relationship of the speaker and
listener
Effective communication is a matter of inviting involvement
of both the speaker and the hearer.
Significance of Effective Listening
• Quantitatively
– 70-80% of day spent communicating (Adler &
Proctor, 2001))
– College classroom spend 60-70% listening
– 85% of all we know is by listening
• Qualitatively
– 1/4 (25%) of people listening to speaker are
able to grasp speaker's central idea correctly
– 85% of people surveyed rate selves as average
listeners (Ross, 1983)
– How good we are (Wolff & Assoc., 1984)
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1st graders
2nd graders
Junior high
High school
College
90% listening effectively
80%
44%
28%
12-20%
– Immediately lose 50%
• within 8 hours retain only 30%
• within 1 month retain 25%
– (Nichols)
• Hunt, Universe Within, Average student
forgets 4/5 (80%) of what they learned in
college by time of graduation.
Don’t know how
 Writing – 9%
 Reading – 16% day
• 12+ years
• 10-12 years
 Speaking – 30%
• 1-2 years
 Listening – 45%
• 0-1 year
Impediments to Effective Listening
• Message distortion (4 messages)
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mind of speaker (thoughts)
as it is encoded (spoken)
as it is interpreted (decoded)
as it is remembered (filtered)
• It was the young man’s first intercollegiate
forensics tournament. He looked rather
dapper in his 3-piece suit as he walked
across campus to his first round of
expository speaking. Unfortunately, he
walked opposite the direction he was
supposed to go. However, a kind faculty
member drove him to the right building.
• Upon entering the room, which reeked of
formaldehyde, he noticed the blond-haired
judge in the back. As he began to speak, he
forgot his speech and his visual aids fell. He
kneeled down and grabbed his VAs, and
quickly exited. He was embarrassed when
he walked out of the room.
• Permutations (psychological processes)
– Assimilation
– Leveling
– Sharpening
(F/I Exercise)
Impediments (continued)
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Confuse Facts with Inferences
Signal Reactions
Verbal memory inflexible
Constructing rebuttals
Listening too hard
Spacing out
Perceptual sets
Solutions – what you can do as…
• Speakers
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Use clear organization
Use qualifying language
Use clear signposting
Use attention maintaining strategies
Use Visual aids
Avoid using “hot” language that promotes
signal reactions
• Listeners
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Take listening seriously
Search for the main ideas
Suspend judgment
Listen as if you must repeat
Avoid distractions
Solutions (continued)
• Use lag time
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summarize what has been said
weigh evidence
anticipate speaker’s next point
Fill in the blanks with own data
Develop questions to be answered