Download c. STOPPED AT THE BATTLE OF TOURS BY CHARLES MARTEL

FEUDALISM IN EUROPE
I. INVADERS
ATTACK
A. VIKINGS
1. LOCATION –
FROM
SCANDINAVIA
(DENMARK,
SWEDEN,
NORWAY)
2. RAIDS
a) FAST ATTACKS FROM
SEA
b) LEFT QUICKLY
BEFORE DEFENSE
COULD BE MOUNTED
3. WARSHIPS
a) LONG SHIPS HELD UP
TO 300
b) COULD SAIL IN 3FT OF
WATER
c) ALLOWED FOR INLAND
ATTACKS
4. VIKING EXPLORERS
a) INTO RUSSIA AND
CONSTANTINOPLE
b) NORTH ATLANTIC TO NORTH
AMERICA
c) LEIF ERIKSSON- REACHED N.
AMERICA @ 1000 A.D.
B. MAGYARS, MUSLIMS,
ANGLES, SAXONS
1. MAGYARS
a) NOMADIC HORSEMEN
FROM THE EAST
b) DID NOT SETTLE LAND,
CAPTURED AND SOLD
SLAVES
2. MUSLIMS
a. CONTROLLED THE
MEDITERRANEAN
b. ATTEMPTED TO CONQUER
AND SETTLE EUROPE
c. STOPPED AT THE BATTLE
OF TOURS BY CHARLES
MARTEL
3. WEEK CENTRAL
AUTHORITY
a) COULD NOT PROTECT
PEOPLE
b) PEOPLE TURNED TO
LOCAL RULERS FOR
PROTECTION
C. ANGLES AND
SAXONS
1. INVADERS INTO EUROPE
AND ENGLAND
2. FINALLY SETTLED IN
ENGLAND
3. NEW SOCIETY OF
ANGLO/SAXON FORMED
II. FEUDALISM
STRUCTURES SOCIETY
A. A NEW SOCIAL ORDER
1. FEUDALISM GOVERNMENTAL FORM
WHICH DEVELOPED IN
RESPONSE TO INVASION
2. FEUDALISM
a) LORD – GRANTED LAND
(FIEF) IN EXCHANGE FOR
MILITARY SERVICE &
PROTECTION
b) VASSAL – PERSON WHO
RECEIVED LAND AND OWED
ALLEGIANCE TO LORDS
B. FEUDAL PYRAMID
1. TOP – KING
ND
2 – WEALTHY NOBLES AND
BISHOPS
3. KNIGHTS –LESSER
NOBLES WHO WERE
MOUNTED WARRIORS
…PYRAMID
4. SERFS- LANDLESS
PEASANTS WHO
WORKED THE LAND
(MAJORITY)
C. SOCIAL CLASSES
1. NOBLES AND KNIGHTS
(FOUGHT)
2. MEN & WOMEN OF
CHURCH
3. PEASANTS - WORKED
…CLASSES
4. SOCIAL CLASS WAS
USUALLY INHERITED
5. SERFS – BOUND TO THE
LAND, COULD NOT LEAVE
WHERE BORN
III. MANORS – THE
ECONOMY
A. INTRODUCTION
1. MANOR – LORD’S ESTATE
(PLANTATION)
a) LORD – PROVIDED SERFS
WITH LAND, HOUSING,
PROTECTION
…MANOR
b) SERFS – WORKED LAND
& MAINTAINED
ESTATES, PAID RENT
(GOODS PRODUCED)
B. SELF-CONTAINED
WORLD
1. MANOR
a. COVERED A FEW
SQUARE MILES
b. MANOR HOUSE,
CHURCH, WORKSHOPS,
VILLAGE, FIELDS
…SELF-CONTAINED
2. SELF-SUFFICIENT
COMMUNITY
a) MANOR RAISED OR
PROVIDED MOST NEEDS
b) PURCHASED SALT, IRON,
MILLSTONES
C. HARSH MANOR LIFE
1. PEASANTS AND TAXES
a) PAID TAX ON ALL GRAIN
GROUND AT THE MILL
b) TAX ON MARRIAGE
c) PAID TITHE – CHURCH TAX
1/10TH OF INCOME
2. LIVING CONDITIONS
a) CROWDED 1-2 ROOM
COTTAGES
b) DIRT FLOORS/WITH
ANIMALS
c) DIET OF VEGETABLES,
BREAD, GRAINS
IV. WARRIORS ON
HORSEBACK
A. TECHNOLOGY OF
WARFARE
1. SADDLE
a. DEVELOPED IN ASIA
b. ALLOWED RIDER TO
REMAIN SEATED
2. STIRRUP
a) COULD HANDLE HEAVIER
WEAPONS
b) COULD BRACE TO
CONTROL WEAPONS
c) KNIGHTS BECAME MOST
IMPORTANT PART OF
ARMY
B. WARRIORS ROLE IN
SOCIETY
1. FEUDAL LORDS
a) RAISED PRIVATE ARMIES
TO DEFEND FIEF
b) GAVE LAND (FIEFS) TO
KNIGHTS
c) DEVOTED LIFE TO WAR
(PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS)
2. KNIGHTS
a) OBLIGATED TO FIGHT
BATTLES
b) ABOUT 40 DAYS OF
COMBAT PER YEAR
c) PASTIMES REVOLVED
AROUND TRAINING FOR
WAR
V. KNIGHT HOOD AND
CHIVALRY
A. INTRODUCTION
1. CHIVALRY – CODE OF
COMPLEX IDEALS
…CHIVALRY
a) DEVOTED TO LORD, HEAVEN,
& LADY
b) PROTECTED WEAK AND
POOR
c) LOYAL, BRAVE, COURTEOUS
d) TREATED LOWER CLASSES
BADLY
B. KNIGHT’S TRAINING
1. TRAINING
a. SONS OF NOBLES BEGAN
TRAINING @ EARLY AGE
b. AGE 7 PAGE – WAITED ON
LORD / PRACTICED FIGHTING
SKILLS
…TRAINING
c) 14 –SQUIRE SERVED
KNIGHT AND FOUGHT
d) 21 COULD BECOME
KNIGHT
e) TOURNAMENTS – MOCK
BATTLES FOR TRAINING
AND ENTERTAINMENT
C. REALITY OF
WARFARE
1. CASTLES
a) CIRCLED BY MASSIVE
WALLS & GUARD TOWERS
b) DOMINATED (CONTROLLED)
COUNTRYSIDE
…WARFARE
c. HOME TO LORD, LADY,
KNIGHTS
d. FORTRESS DESIGNED
FOR DEFENSE
2. CASTLE UNDER
SIEGE
a) POURED BOILING WATER,
HOT OIL, MOLTEN LEAD
ON ATTACKERS
b) ARCHERS USED
CROSSBOWS FROM ROOF
TOP
VI. LITERATURE OF
CHIVALRY
A. INTRODUCTION
1. TOPICS
a) IDEALIZED CASTLE LIFE
b) GLORIFIED CHIVALRY,
TOURNAMENTS, & BATTLES
B. EPIC POETRY
1. SONG OF ROLAND
a. EARLY POEM FROM
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
b. ABOUT FRENCH
KNIGHTS WHO DIED IN
BATTLE
C. LOVE POEMS AND
SONGS
1. TROUBADOURS
a. POETS & MUSICIANS AT
CASTLE OR COURT
b. COMPOSED VERSES
(POEMS) & SONGS ABOUT
CHIVALRY
…TROUBADOURS
c) CREATED UNREALISTIC
VIEW OF MIDDLE AGES
d) SPREAD/CREATED IDEALS
OF CHIVALRY
THROUGHOUT EUROPE
VII. ROLE OF WOMEN
A. INTRODUCTION
1. VIEW OF WOMEN
a. CHURCH VIEWED AS
INFERIOR TO MEN
b. KNIGHTS (CHIVALRY)
ELEVATED STATUS
2. NOBLE WOMEN
a) COULD INHERIT LAND
b) COULD ACT AS
COMMANDER
c) USUALLY ROLE
LIMITED TO HOME OR
CONVENT
3. PEASANT WOMEN
a) WORKED IN HOME OR
FIELDS
b) BORE CHILDREN,
RAISED FAMILY
c) DAUGHTERS TAUGHT
HOME MAKING