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Classification of Animals © Diane Hawkins Graphics by kind permission from PC Advisor 10,000 Clipart March 1999 Cover CD ROM Adapted for use in the classroom by K. McMahon Blow 2009 Classification of Animals Scientists have divided the Animal Kingdom into two main groups: Vertebrates (animals with a backbone) and Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Vertebrates Animals with backbones can be divided into five more groups: Mammals Birds Amphibians Reptiles Fish Invertebrates Animals without a backbone. Animals with Soft Bodies Some invertebrates have bodies that do not have any hard parts (earthworms, jellyfish, slugs, and octopuses). Some live on land, others live in water. Invertebrates Including sponges, worms, snails, jellyfish, clams, starfish, crabs, insects, and spiders. Animals with Hard Shells Have you ever seen a seashell? Shells are all that is left of invertebrates that had hard shells (clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, and snails). Animals with an Exoskeleton An exoskeleton is a hard outer covering that protects an animal’s soft body parts inside (lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp, ticks, scorpions, insects, and spiders. Vertebrates Animals with a backbone. All vertebrates have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton. Mammals •Give birth to live young. •Feed their babies with their own milk. •Are more or less covered with hair. •Are warm-blooded. Warm-blooded creatures, like mammals and birds, try to keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature. They do this by generating their own heat when they are in a cooler environment, and by cooling themselves when they are in a hotter environment. To generate heat, warm-blooded animals convert the food that they eat into energy. Birds • Have feathers. • Are warm-blooded. • Lay eggs. Reptiles • Are cold-blooded. • Lay eggs. • Have a dry skin covered with scales. Cold-blooded creatures take on the temperature of their surroundings. They are hot when their environment is hot and cold when their environment is cold. Cold-blooded animals are much more active in warm environments and are very sluggish in cold environments. This is because their muscle activity depends on chemical reactions which run quickly when it is hot and slowly when it is cold. Amphibians • Are cold-blooded. • Lay eggs. • Have a smooth, moist skin. • Are able to live on land as well as in the water. Fish • Are cold-blooded. • Lay eggs (but some do give birth to live young). • Have a moist skin covered in scales. • Breathe through gills. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a mammal. My body is warm and furry. I feed my babies on milk. I give birth to live young. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a mammal. My body is covered in hair, or fur. I feed my babies on milk. I give birth to live young. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am an amphibian. My body is moist and smooth. I lay eggs. I like to live in or near to water. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a bird. My body is warm and covered with feathers. I lay eggs which hatch out into chicks. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? Although I have wings, I am in fact a mammal. My body is covered in hair, not feathers. I feed my babies on milk. I do not lay eggs. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a mammal. If you stand very close to me, you will see I have hairs on my body. I feed my babies on milk. I do not lay eggs. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a reptile. My body is covered in dry scales. I lay eggs. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a bird. My body is warm and covered with feathers. I lay eggs which hatch out into chicks. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a fish. My body is cold to touch and is covered in scales. I lay eggs. I use gills to breathe with under water. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a reptile. My body is covered in dry scales. I lay eggs. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am an amphibian. My body is moist and smooth. I lay eggs. I like to live in or near to water. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a mammal. My body is warm and furry. I feed my babies on milk. I give birth to live young. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a reptile. My body is covered in dry scales. I lay eggs. What am I? Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian or Reptile? I am a fish. My body is cold to touch and is covered in scales. I lay eggs. I use gills to breathe with under water.