Download M1. Lactic M2. Glucose + oxygen energy + carbon dioxide + water

M1.
Lactic
[1]
M2.
Glucose + oxygen
energy + carbon dioxide + water
[1]
M3.
Reduces the risk of muscle stiffness after exercise
[1]
M4.
Award one mark for correctly stating what fatigue is and one mark for the cause
and one further mark for stating the effect on a performance
Examples include:
•
gymnastics: fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness / caused by
over-exertion or prolonged physical activity / which leads to a drop
or decrease in the level of performance
•
soccer: fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness / caused by
over-exertion or prolonged physical activity / which leads to a drop
or decrease in the level of performance or results in a player being
substituted to prevent this
Accept the above plus any other suitable examples.
[3]
M5.
Award up to two marks for describing the correct technique that the Westshore netball
players should use when lifting their netball posts into position on the court.
•
Bend knees
•
Keep back straight
•
Keep the post close to the body
•
Pivot posts
•
Two people to share the load
Accept any other suitable response.
[2]
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M6.
(i)
causes such as:
•
playing in front of a crowd
•
playing in front of important people
•
a selector, a coach, a parent/friend ‒ max 2 marks
•
playing on your own / as an individual
•
playing with a partner/in a team
•
playing at an important occasion
•
performance debut (or trying a new skill)
•
playing in a rewarding competition
•
playing against particularly difficult/strong opposition
•
playing after injury
•
playing in a dangerous situation/high risk
•
equipment failure
•
weather conditions
•
external/personal cause ‒ max 2 marks
•
fear of failure.
accept examples: ..taking a penalty shootout, …last putt to win The Open - max 1 mark.
(ii)
it may improve performance by:
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raising motivation
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raising effort/making you work harder
•
increasing arousal/more focused/more concentration
•
increasing arousal ‒ preparing body
•
increasing assertiveness/aggression
•
improving confidence.
[4]
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M7.
Award one mark for stating and one further mark for describing each function of blood within
the body (2×2).
•
Transport or carrying or supplying / blood or water or oxygen or nutrients or waste
products around the body.
•
Protection or it helps to fight disease or to clot the blood / eg antibodies or white
blood cells which fight infection are carried in the blood or platelets seal cuts and
wounds.
[4]
M8.
(i)
Award up to two marks for describing the transport function:
It carries glycogen/, water/, oxygen/ or nutrients throughout
the body/to the working muscle/and helps with the transport and
removal of waste/carbon dioxide/lactic acid/away from the working
muscle.
2
(ii)
Award up to two marks for describing the control of body
temperature function. The blood absorbs body heat/then carries
it to the skin and lungs/where it is released/veins dilate/to cool
you down.
2
[4]
M9.
Two systems from….
circulatory
respiratory
digestive
accept cardiovascular
[2]
M10.
(i)
Resistance in the cardio-vascular system (one mark) to the flow of blood
round the body (one mark).
force of the blood (one mark) passing through an artery (one mark)
accept a measure of blood flow/ease at which blood flows around the body.
a measure of the blood flow through an artery = 2 marks.
do not accept the speed at which blood travels/how fast blood travels.
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(ii)
•
blood pressure goes up during physical activity;
•
blood pressure stays low/is lowered in the long term.
[4]
M11.
(i)
Award up to two marks for each correctly described example of risk
assessment. One mark to be awarded for identifying the accident and
one for the correct action that should be carried out.
Examples include:
•
games: being kicked in the shins / that the correct equipment is
being worn, for example, shin guards in soccer
•
in gymnastics: falling or tripping between the mats / that the
correct equipment is being used and that it is in a safe condition
eg. Mats
•
in dance: to avoid cuts / that jewellery is checked and removed
and that appropriate clothing is being worn
•
in athletics: to avoid cut legs / that the landing areas are checked
for sharp objects and removed before use
•
in swimming: impact injuries through falling / that proper
movement around the pool is ensured such as no running
•
in outdoor and adventurous: possible hypothermia / that
environmental factors are taken into consideration, such as
weather forecasts checked and appropriate clothing is provided
Accept the above plus any other suitable examples.
4
(ii)
Award up to two marks for correctly identifying that:
•
a sprain is the overstretching or tearing of ligaments at a joint
•
a strain is the overstretching of a muscle
Award one mark maximum for being able to identify between the
muscle and the joint but not correctly identifying which is which.
2
[6]
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M12.
(i)
Award one mark for each correctly identified part of the breathing system
other than the air passages which were included in the question.
Examples:
•
trachea
•
alveoli
•
bronchioles lungs
•
diaphragm
•
mouth
•
nasal cavity or nose
•
larynx
•
pharynx
•
intercostal muscles
•
bronchus, bronchi.
3
(ii)
Award up to three marks for a correct description of how respiration
takes place.
Examples:
•
the process by which the body / takes in oxygen / and gives out
carbon dioxide
•
the process of the lungs / inspiring / and expiring
•
reference to aerobic and anaerobic respiration is also
acceptable.
Accept the above plus any other suitable examples.
3
[6]
M13.
(i)
Award up to two marks for correctly stating two different functions
or roles of the blood.
•
transport ‒ of oxygen / carbon dioxide
•
transport of glucose / waste products
•
body temperature control
•
protection
2
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(ii)
Award up to three marks for correctly explaining the double pump
function:
•
blood enters the right atrium / dark red in colour with little
oxygen
•
right atrium pumps blood / into the right ventricle
•
the right ventricle pumps through the pulmonary artery / to
the lungs
•
from the lungs the blood returns / to the left atrium
•
the left atrium pumps the blood / into the left ventricle
•
the left ventricle pumps the blood / into the aorta/ to the
body
Accept the above plus other suitable examples.
In order to obtain the maximum marks candidates must clearly identify
at least three of the stages identified above.
3
[5]
M14.
•
When breathing rate is low the potential for success is greater
•
in stamina-based activities
•
because the body works within the aerobic (breathing) system (amplification possible for
extracmarks)
•
as the body utilises O2 (greater VO2 uptake)
•
As breathing rate gets higher and shallow it can indicate an O2 debt and
•
performance will be reduced.
•
When resting heart rate is low the potential for success is greater
•
in stamina-based activities
•
because of increased volume of blood circulating to muscles
•
and oxygen supply meets demand together with.
•
the slower the production of waste products
•
When heart rate gets higher as demand for O2 increases
•
removal of wastes (CO2 and lactic acid) is urgent/necessary
•
and performance will be reduced/stopped.
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NB There will be facts stated which seem to contradict this line but which may be correct.
•
The higher the metabolic rate the greater the potential for success
•
in stamina-based activities
•
because of the quicker breakdown of food and creation of ATP
•
With a lower metabolic rate less energy is converted and weight is increased
•
Performance is reduced.
[7]
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