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THE IMPORTANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Douglas J. Futuyma and Albert F. Bennett The major approaches to analyzing evolutionary processes: • Experimental Evolution • Studies of Natural Populations • Comparative methods Experimental Evolution • AdvantagesReplication and control. • Disadvantages – suited to laboratory rather than to natural situations. Natural Populations • Advantage- offer ecological realism • Disadvantage - lack of ability to replicate results and control variables. Comparative Methods • Advantage- widely used method to understand evolution of characters in the natural world. • Disadvantage• Correlational • Assumption of parsimony 2 Examples of the Contribution of Experimental Studies to understand Evolution • Trade-offs- adaptive gain and correlated loss. • Escherichia Coli • Genetic Drift – a founder event (or bottleneck in population size) may initiate new paths of adaptive evolution. • Drosophila pseudoobscura