Download Real Life Stories Real Life Stories Critical Thinking Questions

Body Composition
Chapter 4
Objectives



Define body composition and understand its
relationship to assessment of recommended
body weight.
Explain the difference between essential fat
and storage fat.
Describe various techniques used to assess
body composition.
Objectives


Be able to assess body composition using
skinfold thickness and girth measurements.
Understand the importance of body mass
index (BMI) and waist circumference in the
assessment of risk for disease.
Objectives



Be able to determine recommended weight
according to recommended percent body fat
values and BMI.
Learn how to measure body composition.
Assess your risks for potential disease.
Introduction

Body composition

Fat component


Nonfat component



Percent body fat
Lean body mass
Recommended body weight
Assessment of body composition
Essential and Storage Fat

Total fat

Essential fat
Normal physiological function
 Locations
 Percent of total weight


Storage fat
Functions
 Location of storage

Typical Body Composition of an
Adult Man and Woman
Techniques to Assess Body
Composition

Dual Energy X-ray
Absorptiometry
(DEXA)



Research and
medical facilities
Measurements
SEE ± 1.8 percent
Techniques to Assess Body
Composition

Hydrostatic weighing




Most common
technique
Buoyancy of fat tissue
Drawbacks
SEE ± 0.5 percent
Techniques to Assess Body
Composition

Air displacement




Bod Pod
Air displaced by person
inside the chamber
Comparison to
hydrostatic weighing
SEE ± 2.2 percent
Techniques to Assess Body
Composition

Skinfold thickness





Anthropometric measurements
Relation of subcutaneous fat and total body
fat
SEE ± 3.5 percent
Skinfold sites
Hydration and physical activity
Techniques to Assess Body
Composition

Girth measurements



Limitations
SEE ± 4 percent
Measurement locations
Women: upper arm, hip, and wrist
 Men: waist and wrist

Body Fat Assessment According
to Girth Measurements
Techniques to Assess Body
Composition

Bioelectrical impedance

Accuracy is questionable


Measure of electrical resistance


10 percentage points
Fat tissue is less efficient conductor
Factors that can affect results
Body Mass Index (BMI)

Determine thinness and excessive fatness




Height and weight to estimate fat values
Calculations
Most widely used measure to determine
obesity and overweight
Disease risk

Lowest risk 22-25 range
Mortality Risk Versus Body Mass
Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI)

Compared with a BMI between 22-25:

BMI greater than 25


Weakness of BMI


Mortality rates
Location on body fat
Use with athletes
Disease Risk According to Body
Mass Index (BMI)
Overweight & Obesity Trends in
the U.S., 1960-2006
Waist Circumference

Storage of fat affects disease risk

Android obesity
Apple shape
 Risks
 Fat around organs


Gynoid obesity


Pear shape
Waist circumference measurements
Disease Risk from WC and BMI
Determining Recommended Body
Weight

Mortality



Essential fat
Lean tissue decreases with age


Obesity vs. underweight
Extra fat percentage for each decade of life
Computing recommended body weight
Body Composition Classifications
According to Percent Body Fat
Importance of Regular Body
Composition Assessment

Fat gain



Weight gain per year
Lean tissue lost per
year
Body composition
reassessment
Visceral Fat Compared to SBC or
RTP Fat for Disease Risk
Real Life Stories
Real Life Stories Critical
Thinking Questions



1. Can you identify what got Camille started on her weight-loss program?
Was the starting point self- or environmentally determined? Discuss the
pros or cons that got her going on her weight-loss program. How was the
end point of the weight loss determined? List the benefits of her longterm approach to weight loss.
2. What weight-loss programs are likely to end up being just another “yoyo diet”? Have you had any experiences with some of these methods;
and if so, what were the results? What strategies are more likely to lead
to permanent and sustainable weight loss?
3. Discuss the roles of aerobic exercise and strength training on weight
management. Do you think strength training is a good idea for those who
are trying to lose weight? Is it as important for women as for men?