Download Sophocles Oedipus Class Notes

Oedipus the King
Ancient Philosophy
Opening Scene
• Confusion
– Sights
– Sounds
– Smells
– Ages
– Occupations
Hierarchy
• God-priest-king-subjects
• Maker of law-interpreter of law-enforcer of
the law-obedient to the law
• Oedipus-Priest of Zeus-masses
Blood for Blood
Foundered beneath a weltering surge of blood.
A blight is on our harvest in the ear,
A blight upon the grazing flocks and herds,
A blight on wives in travail; and withal
Armed with his blazing torch the God of Plague
Hath swooped upon our city emptying
The house of Cadmus, and the murky realm
Of Pluto is full fed with groans and tears.
• Oedipus
– I Oedipus, your world-renowned king.
– not as deeming thee A new divinity, but the
first of men; First in the common accidents of
life, And first in visitations of the Gods.
– Grieves three times
Plot
• The plague in Thebes prompts Oedipus to
send Creon to consult the oracle of Delphi
• The oracle’s replies that the murderer of
Laius must be banished from Thebes
– Banishment, or the shedding blood for blood.
This stain of blood makes shipwreck of our
state.
One Survived-Witness
Robbers, he told us, not one bandit but
A troop of knaves, attacked and murdered
him.
Oedipus
• Cleverness
– Was he within his palace, or afield,
– Or traveling, when Laius met his fate?
• Pride
– Make dark things clear
– For whoso slew that king might have a mind
To strike me too with his assassin hand.
Therefore in righting him I serve myself.
Curse
• The oracle’s reply that the murderer of
Laius must be banished from Thebes
prompts Oedipus pronounce a solemn
curse on the murderer and to send for
Teiresias.
Let no man in this land, whereof I hold
The sovereign rule, harbor or speak to him;
Give him no part in prayer or sacrifice
Or lustral rites, but hound him from your homes.
TEIRESIAS
• Oedipus
– On thee we rest. This is man's highest end,
To others' service all his powers to lend.
• Teiresias-refuses to answer
• Oedipus accuses Teiresias
Yea, I am wroth, and will not stint my words,
But speak my whole mind. Thou methinks thou art he,
Who planned the crime, aye, and performed it too,
All save the assassination; and if thou
Hadst not been blind, I had been sworn to boot
That thou alone didst do the bloody deed.
TEIRESIAS
•
Tieresias accuses Oedipus
– I say thou art the murderer of the man Whose
murderer thou pursuest.
– I say thou livest with thy nearest kin
• Oedipus accuses Tieresias and Creon of
conspiracy
Hath lain in wait to oust me and suborned
This mountebank, this juggling charlatan,
This tricksy beggar-priest, for gain alone
Keen-eyed, but in his proper art stone-blind.
TEIRESIAS
• Oedipus attacks the gods
When the riddling Sphinx was here
Why hadst thou no deliverance for this folk?
And yet the riddle was not to be solved
By guess-work but required the prophet's art;
Wherein thou wast found lacking; neither birds
Nor sign from heaven helped thee, but –I- came,
The simple Oedipus; -I- stopped her mouth
By mother wit, untaught of auguries.
TEIRESIAS
• Tieresias states the prophecy
With threats and warrants this long while, the wretch Who murdered Laius--that
man is here.
He passes for an alien in the land
But soon shall prove a Theban, native born.
And yet his fortune brings him little joy;
For blind of seeing, clad in beggar's weeds,
For purple robes, and leaning on his staff,
To a strange land he soon shall grope his way.
And of the children, inmates of his home,
He shall be proved the brother and the sire,
Of her who bare him son and husband both,
Co-partner, and assassin of his sire.
Go in and ponder this, and if thou find
That I have missed the mark, henceforth declare
I have no wit nor skill in prophecy.
Chorus
• Conflict of state and religion
All wise are Zeus and Apollo, and nothing is hid from their
ken;
They are gods; and in wits a man may surpass his fellow
men;
But that a mortal seer knows more than I know—where
Hath this been proven? Or how without sign assured, can I
blame
Him who saved our State when the winged songstress
came,
Tested and tried in the light of us all, like gold assayed?
How can I now assent when a crime is on Oedipus laid?
Creon Defends Himself
http://www.cnr.edu/home/bmcmanus/oedipusplot.html
•
Each of the incidents in this play is part of a tightly constructed cause-andeffect chain.the oracle’s reply that the murderer of Laius must be banished
from Thebes prompts Oedipus pronounce a solemn curse on the murderer
and to send for Teiresias. Teriesias states that Oedipus is the murderer, but
since the king knows himself to be innocent (or thinks he knows), he
accuses Creon of plotting with Teiresias against him. The quarrel of Oedipus
and Creon brings Jocasta from the house; seeking to calm down her
husband and prove that oracles cannot be trusted, she tells again of how
Laius died. When she mentions that he was killed “at a place where three
roads meet,” Oedipus suddenly begins to suspect that he may indeed have
killed the king without knowing who he was. To settle the matter, they send
for the Herdsman who is the only survivor of that attack. Meanwhile a
messenger arrives from Corinth to inform Oedipus that his supposed father,
King Polybus of Corinth, has died. When Oedipus rejoices that he did not
kill his father as the oracle had prophesied but is still worried that he may
marry his mother, the Messenger, seeking to relieve him of this fear,
innocently tells him that Polybus and Merope were not his real parents.