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Life Science: Tissues of the Body BODY TISSUES *Tissue: Group of cells with similar structure & function *Four primary types Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Connective tissue Epithelium 4 Main Types of Body Tissues: • 1. Muscle: – composed of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement • 2. Nervous: – ends signals throughout the body • 3. Epithelial: – (skin) covers and protects underlying tissue. • 4. Connective: – (blood, collagen) joins, supports, protects, nourishes, and cushions organs • Contracts, or shortens, making body parts MOVE – ONLY body tissue that can contract • MUST have energy – produced by Mitochondria • Made of LOOOOONG, parallel fibers • What gives the muscle fibers messages to move? – _________ & _________ • • • • • Movement Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Muscle Tissue Main Function to produce MOVEMENT!! Three types 1. Skeletal muscle 2. Smooth muscle 3. Cardiac muscle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE called “Striated” due to its “striped” look VOLUNTARY YOU tell it what to do Tires Easily Requires constant energy From Mitochondria Figure 3.19b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.65 2. SMOOTH MUSCLE INVOLUNTARY Does NOT tire easily Lines inside of many INTERNAL organs NO visible striations Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.19a Slide 3.67 3. CARDIAC MUSCLE ONLY in the HEART Function to pump blood Does NOT tire easily • Characteristics of Both Skeletal & Smooth: – Striated like skeletal muscle – Involuntary like smooth muscle Figure 3.19c • Skeletal Muscle – Muscle attached to bones • Smooth Muscle – muscle of stomach, blood vessels, & internal organs • Cardiac Muscle – Muscle of the heart Nervous Tissue • Carries messages back and forth between the brain and ALL body parts • Main components of the nervous system – brain – spinal cord – Nerves. Nerve Cells • Cell body – Main Structure • Dendrites – branched “arms” – pick up incoming chemical information • Axons – sends out chemical information Nerve Cells Epithelial Tissues • ALWAYS faces a free surface – Examples: Skin; lining of mouth • No blood supply • Regenerate easily • Where is it? – Body & Organ Covering • Skin – Body Lining: • cavities, tubes, ducts • blood vessels Epithelial Tissues: • Functions: – – – – – – – Protection from injury & bacteria Prevents loss of water Protection from the Environment outside the body Regulates Body Temperature Eliminates Waste Gathers Information about the Environment Produces Vitamin D (Sunlight/UV Rays) Classification of Epithelial Tissue Number of cell layers Shape of cells Simple – one laye Squamous – flattened Stratified – more than one layer Cuboidal – cube-shaped Columnar – column-like Connective Tissue • Most abundant tissue • Connective Tissue Functions: – Connects and supports the body • Tendons, ligaments, bone, etc. – Protects & cushions organs and tissues – Insulates (fat) – Transports substances (blood). Connective Tissue Types 1. Bone Supports & protects Strong, hard RED BLOOD cell production made in bone marrow (center of bone) Tree ring-like appearance Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.56 Connective Tissue Types • 2. Cartilage – More Flexible than Bone – Gives Support: • Nose • Ears • End of Joints – Some, NOT all, will become bone. Connective Tissue Types • 3. Ligaments attach bone to bone 4. Tendon attach bone to muscle Connective Tissue Types • 5. Fat Functions: Insulates the body Protects some organs Stores energy Honeycomb or chicken wire appearance Connective Tissue Types 6. Blood: Liquid Carries substances through the body Organization of Life • A group of cells work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form tissues. – Muscle cells working together to form muscle tissue Organization of Life • If two or more tissues work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ. – Ex. • Stomach, heart, skin • Stems, roots Organization of Life • If two or more organs work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ system. – Ex. Digestive system, Circulatory System, Respiratory System. (What does each of these systems do in your body?) Organization of Life • An organism is anything that can live on its own. – Unicellular: A single cell living on its own. • Ex: ameba, paramecium – Multicellular: Multiple cells that rely on each other for survival. Most of the cells in a multicellular organism cannot live outside the body. • Ex. Us Tying it all Together Figure 3.7; 1, 2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.19a Specific Nervous Tissue Types Nervous – Neuron Branching cells with many long processes Large central nucleus Transmit impulses from one area of the body to other areas Regulate activities through neuron impulses