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Chapter 6 Section 4 notes
Acids and Bases in the Home
Acids and Bases in the Home
 Water does not mix with grease or oil,
so dirt cannot be removed with water
alone
 Soap: A cleaner that dissolves in both
water and oil.
 Soap is a good cleaner because it lets oil
and water mix, keeping them from
separating
 How is soap made? Reacting compounds
from animal fat with a solution of sodium
or potassium hydroxide.
 Products of the reaction: soap & glycerol
 Soap is in the form of a long
hydrocarbon chain
 The chain has a negatively charged end and
a neutrally charged end.
 The negatively charged end dissolves in
water while the neutrally charged end
dissolves in oil
 “Hard” water contains the ions: Mg+2,
Ca+2, and Fe+3
 These ions react with soap to form soap
scum.
 Detergent: a non-soap water-soluble
cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil
 There are two differences between
soaps and detergents:
 The charged end of a detergent is a
sulfonate group instead of a carboxylate
group.
 Detergents are made from petroleum
products.
 Ammonia solutions: make good
cleaners because the hydroxide ions
interact with dirt.
 Disinfectant: substance that kills
harmful bacteria and viruses.
 Bleach: a basic solution that can
either be used as a disinfectant or to
remove colors and stains.
 Bleach removes colors because it
oxidizes them.
 Household Products
 Acids:
 Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C), body uses to
grow and repair itself.
 Acetylsalicylic Acid (aspirin), take for
headaches. (Thins blood)
 Bases
 Antacids: sodium carbonate and
magnesium
 Coating apples with an acidic
substance like lemon juice or
pineapple juice, keeps it looking fresh
longer.
 Shampoo: normal pH is between 5
and 8.
 What happens if shampoo is too basic? It
causes hair to swell, making it look dull.