Download I. States of Matter

Ch. 1 - Matter
I. States of Matter
 Kinetic Energy
 States of Matter
A. Kinetic Energy
 Particles of matter are always in
motion.
 The kinetic energy (speed) of these
particles increases as temperature
increases.
B. Four States of Matter
 Solids
 very low KE - particles
vibrate but can’t move
around
 fixed shape
 fixed volume
B. Four States of Matter
 Liquids
 low KE - particles can
move around but are
still close together
 Variable shape
 fixed volume
B. Four States of Matter
 Gases
 high KE - particles can
separate and move to fill the
container
 variable shape
 variable volume
B. Four States of Matter
 Plasma
 very high KE - particles collide with
enough energy to break into
charged particles (+/-)
 gas-like, variable
shape & volume
 stars
Ch. 1 - Matter
I. Matter Flowchart
 Pure Substances
 Mixtures
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
MIXTURE
yes
Is the composition
uniform?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
PURE SUBSTANCE
no
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Colloids
no
Can it be physically
separated?
yes
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
Compound
Suspensions
no
Element
A. Matter Flowchart
Example:
a. Pure substance or Mixture
b. Type of Pure substance or Type of
mixture
Type of Matter:
a. Pure substance or Mixture
b. Type of Pure substance or Type
of mixture
1. Graphite (carbon)
a. Pure substance
b. element
2. Pepper
a. Mixture
b. Heterogeneous
3. Sugar (sucrose)
a. Pure substance
b. compound
4. Soda
a. Mixture
b. Homogeneous
B. Pure Substances
 Element
 composed of identical atoms
 EX: Cu, Al, H2, O2
B. Pure Substances
 Compound
 2 or more elements in a
fixed ratio
 properties differ from those
of individual elements
 EX: table salt (NaCl); water
(H2O)
C. Mixtures
 Combination of 2 or more pure
substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
C. Mixtures
A. Homogenous
 solution
 very small particles
 particles don’t settle
 EX: rubbing alcohol
C. Mixtures
B. Hetergeneous
1. Colloid
 medium-sized particles
 particles don’t settle
 EX: milk
C. Mixtures
 Suspension
 heterogeneous
 large particles
 particles settle
 EX: fresh-squeezed
lemonade
C. Mixtures
 Examples:
 mayonnaise
colloid
 muddy water
suspension
 fog
colloid
 saltwater
solution
 Italian salad
dressing
suspension
Ch. 1 - Matter
II. Properties & Changes in
Matter
Physical vs. Chemical
 Physical Property
 can be observed without changing the
identity of the substance
 Chemical Property
 describes the ability of a substance to
undergo changes in identity
Physical vs. Chemical
 Examples:
 melting point
physical
 flammable
chemical
 density
physical
 magnetic
physical
 tarnishes in air
chemical
Physical vs. Chemical
 Physical Change
 changes the form of a substance
without changing its identity
 properties remain the same
 Chemical Change
 changes the identity of a substance
 products have different properties
Physical vs. Chemical
 Signs of a Chemical Change
 change in color or odor
 formation of a gas
 formation of a precipitate (solid)
 change in light or heat
Physical vs. Chemical
 Examples:
 rusting iron
chemical
 dissolving in water
physical
 burning a log
chemical
 melting ice
physical
 grinding spices
physical